Encapsulation and Melanization Are Not Correlated to Successful Immune Defense Against Parasitoid Wasps in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
Parasitoid elimination in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> involves special hemocytes, called lamellocytes, which encapsulate the eggs or larvae of the parasitoid wasps. The capsules are melanized, and metabolites of the melanization reaction may play a potential role in parasitoid killing...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Lilla B. Magyar István Andó Gyöngyi Cinege |
| author_facet | Lilla B. Magyar István Andó Gyöngyi Cinege |
| author_sort | Lilla B. Magyar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parasitoid elimination in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> involves special hemocytes, called lamellocytes, which encapsulate the eggs or larvae of the parasitoid wasps. The capsules are melanized, and metabolites of the melanization reaction may play a potential role in parasitoid killing. We have observed a variation in the melanization capacity of different, commonly used <i>D. melanogaster</i> strains, such as Canton-S, Oregon-R, and BL5905, BL6326. In this work, we aimed to clarify a possible connection between the effectiveness of capsule melanization and the success of parasitoid elimination following infection with <i>Leptopilina</i> parasitoid wasps. Circulating hemocytes and lamellocyte attachment were visualized by confocal and epifluorescence microscopy using indirect immunofluorescence. Expression profiles of the <i>PPO2</i> and <i>PPO3</i> prophenoloxidase genes, which encode key enzymes in the melanization reaction, were detected by qRT-PCR. Parasitization assays were used to analyze fly and wasp eclosion success. Active encapsulation and melanization reactions against <i>Leptopilina boulardi</i> were observed in the BL5905 and the BL6326 strains, though restricted to the dead supernumerary parasitoids, while fly and wasp eclosion rates were essentially the same in the four examined <i>D. melanogaster</i> strains. We conclude that encapsulation and melanization carried out by <i>D. melanogaster</i> following <i>L. boulardi</i> infection have no impact on survival. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fc0fff14e81146969b39a412fe0f50ee |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-fc0fff14e81146969b39a412fe0f50ee2025-01-10T13:16:21ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-01-011414610.3390/cells14010046Encapsulation and Melanization Are Not Correlated to Successful Immune Defense Against Parasitoid Wasps in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>Lilla B. Magyar0István Andó1Gyöngyi Cinege2Innate Immunity Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, HungaryInnate Immunity Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, HungaryInnate Immunity Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, HungaryParasitoid elimination in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> involves special hemocytes, called lamellocytes, which encapsulate the eggs or larvae of the parasitoid wasps. The capsules are melanized, and metabolites of the melanization reaction may play a potential role in parasitoid killing. We have observed a variation in the melanization capacity of different, commonly used <i>D. melanogaster</i> strains, such as Canton-S, Oregon-R, and BL5905, BL6326. In this work, we aimed to clarify a possible connection between the effectiveness of capsule melanization and the success of parasitoid elimination following infection with <i>Leptopilina</i> parasitoid wasps. Circulating hemocytes and lamellocyte attachment were visualized by confocal and epifluorescence microscopy using indirect immunofluorescence. Expression profiles of the <i>PPO2</i> and <i>PPO3</i> prophenoloxidase genes, which encode key enzymes in the melanization reaction, were detected by qRT-PCR. Parasitization assays were used to analyze fly and wasp eclosion success. Active encapsulation and melanization reactions against <i>Leptopilina boulardi</i> were observed in the BL5905 and the BL6326 strains, though restricted to the dead supernumerary parasitoids, while fly and wasp eclosion rates were essentially the same in the four examined <i>D. melanogaster</i> strains. We conclude that encapsulation and melanization carried out by <i>D. melanogaster</i> following <i>L. boulardi</i> infection have no impact on survival.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/1/46<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>encapsulationmelanizationhemocyteparasitoid waspeclosion |
| spellingShingle | Lilla B. Magyar István Andó Gyöngyi Cinege Encapsulation and Melanization Are Not Correlated to Successful Immune Defense Against Parasitoid Wasps in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Cells <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> encapsulation melanization hemocyte parasitoid wasp eclosion |
| title | Encapsulation and Melanization Are Not Correlated to Successful Immune Defense Against Parasitoid Wasps in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> |
| title_full | Encapsulation and Melanization Are Not Correlated to Successful Immune Defense Against Parasitoid Wasps in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> |
| title_fullStr | Encapsulation and Melanization Are Not Correlated to Successful Immune Defense Against Parasitoid Wasps in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Encapsulation and Melanization Are Not Correlated to Successful Immune Defense Against Parasitoid Wasps in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> |
| title_short | Encapsulation and Melanization Are Not Correlated to Successful Immune Defense Against Parasitoid Wasps in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> |
| title_sort | encapsulation and melanization are not correlated to successful immune defense against parasitoid wasps in i drosophila melanogaster i |
| topic | <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> encapsulation melanization hemocyte parasitoid wasp eclosion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/1/46 |
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