Overvoltages Transmitted in the Transformer Windings on the Lightning Impulse—An Analytical Method for Determination and Experimental Measurements
Overvoltages are brief and significant increases in the voltage level in an electrical system. They can be caused by a variety of factors, but the most common are associated with atmospheric discharges (lightning). When lightning strikes a power line, the resulting shock wave can induce surges in el...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Maria-Cristina Nițu Livia-Andreea Dina Ileana-Diana Nicolae Marian-Ştefan Nicolae Paul-Mihai Mircea |
| author_facet | Maria-Cristina Nițu Livia-Andreea Dina Ileana-Diana Nicolae Marian-Ştefan Nicolae Paul-Mihai Mircea |
| author_sort | Maria-Cristina Nițu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Overvoltages are brief and significant increases in the voltage level in an electrical system. They can be caused by a variety of factors, but the most common are associated with atmospheric discharges (lightning). When lightning strikes a power line, the resulting shock wave can induce surges in electrical equipment that is connected to that line, including transformers. The authors develop an analytical method in order to determine the maximum values of the overvoltages propagating in the transformer windings in case of lightning impulse. It is considered that the transmitted overvoltages consist of an inductive component (magnetic dispersion is neglected, as well as the energy exchange between the capacitances and inductances of the energized winding) and a capacitive component (between the energized winding and the receiving winding; in this case, the emphasis is on the energy exchange between the series capacitance and the inductance of the series winding). The proposed method was applied on a TTUS—ONAN/ONAF 31.5/40 MVA, 110/5/6.6 kV power transformer, and the obtained results were validated by experimental tests. The percentage error between the results obtained by modeling and the results obtained from transformer testing was less than 2%. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fc0c67bca7a04f87ba74b54f587f0fea |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-fc0c67bca7a04f87ba74b54f587f0fea2025-08-20T03:46:50ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511586110.3390/app15115861Overvoltages Transmitted in the Transformer Windings on the Lightning Impulse—An Analytical Method for Determination and Experimental MeasurementsMaria-Cristina Nițu0Livia-Andreea Dina1Ileana-Diana Nicolae2Marian-Ştefan Nicolae3Paul-Mihai Mircea4Research and Development Department, National Institute for Research, Development and Testing in Electrical Engineering-ICMET Craiova, 200746 Craiova, RomaniaResearch and Development Department, National Institute for Research, Development and Testing in Electrical Engineering-ICMET Craiova, 200746 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Computer Science and IT, University of Craiova, 200440 Craiova, RomaniaAcademy of Romanian Scientists, 050044 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, 200440 Craiova, RomaniaOvervoltages are brief and significant increases in the voltage level in an electrical system. They can be caused by a variety of factors, but the most common are associated with atmospheric discharges (lightning). When lightning strikes a power line, the resulting shock wave can induce surges in electrical equipment that is connected to that line, including transformers. The authors develop an analytical method in order to determine the maximum values of the overvoltages propagating in the transformer windings in case of lightning impulse. It is considered that the transmitted overvoltages consist of an inductive component (magnetic dispersion is neglected, as well as the energy exchange between the capacitances and inductances of the energized winding) and a capacitive component (between the energized winding and the receiving winding; in this case, the emphasis is on the energy exchange between the series capacitance and the inductance of the series winding). The proposed method was applied on a TTUS—ONAN/ONAF 31.5/40 MVA, 110/5/6.6 kV power transformer, and the obtained results were validated by experimental tests. The percentage error between the results obtained by modeling and the results obtained from transformer testing was less than 2%.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5861overvoltagelightningtransformerprotectioninsulationstudy |
| spellingShingle | Maria-Cristina Nițu Livia-Andreea Dina Ileana-Diana Nicolae Marian-Ştefan Nicolae Paul-Mihai Mircea Overvoltages Transmitted in the Transformer Windings on the Lightning Impulse—An Analytical Method for Determination and Experimental Measurements Applied Sciences overvoltage lightning transformer protection insulation study |
| title | Overvoltages Transmitted in the Transformer Windings on the Lightning Impulse—An Analytical Method for Determination and Experimental Measurements |
| title_full | Overvoltages Transmitted in the Transformer Windings on the Lightning Impulse—An Analytical Method for Determination and Experimental Measurements |
| title_fullStr | Overvoltages Transmitted in the Transformer Windings on the Lightning Impulse—An Analytical Method for Determination and Experimental Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overvoltages Transmitted in the Transformer Windings on the Lightning Impulse—An Analytical Method for Determination and Experimental Measurements |
| title_short | Overvoltages Transmitted in the Transformer Windings on the Lightning Impulse—An Analytical Method for Determination and Experimental Measurements |
| title_sort | overvoltages transmitted in the transformer windings on the lightning impulse an analytical method for determination and experimental measurements |
| topic | overvoltage lightning transformer protection insulation study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5861 |
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