In vitro Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Ethanolic and n-Hexane Extracts of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark against Trypanosoma bruceibrucei and Trypanosoma congolense
Study’s Novelty/Excerpt • The potential of Hymenocardia acida stem bark extracts as an anti-trypanosomal agent was assessed. • The results indicate significant in vitro activity of both ethanolic and n-hexane extracts against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma congolense. • Hence, H. acid...
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Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria
2024-06-01
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| Series: | UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research |
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| Online Access: | https://ujmr.umyu.edu.ng/index.php/ujmr/article/view/645 |
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| author | Lawal, S. M. Inabo, H. I. Ella, E. E. Okubanjo, O. O. |
| author_facet | Lawal, S. M. Inabo, H. I. Ella, E. E. Okubanjo, O. O. |
| author_sort | Lawal, S. M. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Study’s Novelty/Excerpt
• The potential of Hymenocardia acida stem bark extracts as an anti-trypanosomal agent was assessed.
• The results indicate significant in vitro activity of both ethanolic and n-hexane extracts against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma congolense.
• Hence, H. acida could be a valuable source for developing new, broad-spectrum trypanocidal drugs.
Full Abstract
The development of resistance by trypanosomes to existing trypanocidal drugs necessitates the need to search for safer and more effective alternative drugs with a broad spectrum of activity. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of ethanolic and n-hexane extracts of Hymenocardia acida stem bark against Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The stem bark of H. acida was collected, identified, dried and then ground into fine powder. The powdered H. acida stem bark was extracted successively using n-hexane and ethanol to obtain n-hexane and ethanolic extracts, respectively. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out using standard procedure. In vitro, anti-trypanosomal activity of different concentrations of the stem bark extracts (2.5 mg/mL to 40.0 mg/mL) were determined using motility assay with diminazeneaceturate (100 µg/mL) and phosphate buffered saline used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Results of the phytochemical screening revealed that flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins were present in the ethanolic and n-hexane extracts. In vitro, the anti-trypanosomal activity of ethanolic and n-hexane extracts was observed against T. brucei brucei and T. congolense. Cessation of trypanosome motility was observed after 30 and 50 minutes of exposure to 2.5 mg/mL of ethanolic extract and n-hexane extract, respectively, for both T. brucei brucei and T. congolense. In conclusion, ethanolic and n-hexane extracts of H. acida exhibited anti-trypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma congolense. Hence, the plant could serve as a source of new trypanocidal drugs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f990300cd9464b389c71d888b4e3712d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2616-0668 2814-1822 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria |
| record_format | Article |
| series | UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-f990300cd9464b389c71d888b4e3712d2024-11-27T17:02:16ZengUmaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, NigeriaUMYU Journal of Microbiology Research2616-06682814-18222024-06-0156056610.47430/ujmr.2493.061645In vitro Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Ethanolic and n-Hexane Extracts of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark against Trypanosoma bruceibrucei and Trypanosoma congolenseLawal, S. M.0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1801-739XInabo, H. I.1Ella, E. E.2Okubanjo, O. O.3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, NigeriaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaStudy’s Novelty/Excerpt • The potential of Hymenocardia acida stem bark extracts as an anti-trypanosomal agent was assessed. • The results indicate significant in vitro activity of both ethanolic and n-hexane extracts against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma congolense. • Hence, H. acida could be a valuable source for developing new, broad-spectrum trypanocidal drugs. Full Abstract The development of resistance by trypanosomes to existing trypanocidal drugs necessitates the need to search for safer and more effective alternative drugs with a broad spectrum of activity. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of ethanolic and n-hexane extracts of Hymenocardia acida stem bark against Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The stem bark of H. acida was collected, identified, dried and then ground into fine powder. The powdered H. acida stem bark was extracted successively using n-hexane and ethanol to obtain n-hexane and ethanolic extracts, respectively. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out using standard procedure. In vitro, anti-trypanosomal activity of different concentrations of the stem bark extracts (2.5 mg/mL to 40.0 mg/mL) were determined using motility assay with diminazeneaceturate (100 µg/mL) and phosphate buffered saline used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Results of the phytochemical screening revealed that flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins were present in the ethanolic and n-hexane extracts. In vitro, the anti-trypanosomal activity of ethanolic and n-hexane extracts was observed against T. brucei brucei and T. congolense. Cessation of trypanosome motility was observed after 30 and 50 minutes of exposure to 2.5 mg/mL of ethanolic extract and n-hexane extract, respectively, for both T. brucei brucei and T. congolense. In conclusion, ethanolic and n-hexane extracts of H. acida exhibited anti-trypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma congolense. Hence, the plant could serve as a source of new trypanocidal drugs.https://ujmr.umyu.edu.ng/index.php/ujmr/article/view/645anti-trypanosomal activityextractsh. acidat. brucei bruceit. congolense |
| spellingShingle | Lawal, S. M. Inabo, H. I. Ella, E. E. Okubanjo, O. O. In vitro Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Ethanolic and n-Hexane Extracts of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark against Trypanosoma bruceibrucei and Trypanosoma congolense UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research anti-trypanosomal activity extracts h. acida t. brucei brucei t. congolense |
| title | In vitro Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Ethanolic and n-Hexane Extracts of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark against Trypanosoma bruceibrucei and Trypanosoma congolense |
| title_full | In vitro Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Ethanolic and n-Hexane Extracts of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark against Trypanosoma bruceibrucei and Trypanosoma congolense |
| title_fullStr | In vitro Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Ethanolic and n-Hexane Extracts of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark against Trypanosoma bruceibrucei and Trypanosoma congolense |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Ethanolic and n-Hexane Extracts of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark against Trypanosoma bruceibrucei and Trypanosoma congolense |
| title_short | In vitro Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Ethanolic and n-Hexane Extracts of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark against Trypanosoma bruceibrucei and Trypanosoma congolense |
| title_sort | in vitro anti trypanosomal activity of ethanolic and n hexane extracts of hymenocardia acida stem bark against trypanosoma bruceibrucei and trypanosoma congolense |
| topic | anti-trypanosomal activity extracts h. acida t. brucei brucei t. congolense |
| url | https://ujmr.umyu.edu.ng/index.php/ujmr/article/view/645 |
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