Progress of carbon-based electrodes in microbial fuel cells: A comprehensive review

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as a promising technology for sustainable energy production, offering the dual benefits of electricity generation and wastewater treatment. By harnessing the metabolic activity of electroactive microorganisms during substrate oxidation, MFCs convert chemical...

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Main Authors: Tigist Merga, Gebrehiwot Gebreslassie, Tesfu Hailu, A.C. Nwanya, F.I. Ezema, P.M. Ejikeme, Getachew Adam Workneh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Chemistry
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625006101
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author Tigist Merga
Gebrehiwot Gebreslassie
Tesfu Hailu
A.C. Nwanya
F.I. Ezema
P.M. Ejikeme
Getachew Adam Workneh
author_facet Tigist Merga
Gebrehiwot Gebreslassie
Tesfu Hailu
A.C. Nwanya
F.I. Ezema
P.M. Ejikeme
Getachew Adam Workneh
author_sort Tigist Merga
collection DOAJ
description Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as a promising technology for sustainable energy production, offering the dual benefits of electricity generation and wastewater treatment. By harnessing the metabolic activity of electroactive microorganisms during substrate oxidation, MFCs convert chemical energy into electrical energy. However, despite their potential, the practical implementation of MFCs is significantly hindered by their relatively low power output. Among the various components of an MFCs, the anode plays a pivotal role not only as the primary site for electron collection from microbial metabolism but also as a surface for biofilm formation. The inadequate performance of conventional anode materials remains a critical limitation, underscoring the need for enhanced electrode designs. In recent years, carbon-based materials have garnered significant attention due to their favorable properties, including high conductivity, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental working principles of MFCs, with a particular focus on advancements in carbonaceous anode materials. Various modification strategies aimed at improving the electrochemical and biological performance of carbon-based electrodes are critically analyzed. Finally, the review highlights current challenges and outlines future research directions to facilitate the practical deployment of MFCs for simultaneous wastewater treatment and renewable energy generation.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2211-7156
language English
publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-f8d8ed23c38c4f7baa434ff11b0d99262025-08-23T04:48:19ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562025-09-011710262710.1016/j.rechem.2025.102627Progress of carbon-based electrodes in microbial fuel cells: A comprehensive reviewTigist Merga0Gebrehiwot Gebreslassie1Tesfu Hailu2A.C. Nwanya3F.I. Ezema4P.M. Ejikeme5Getachew Adam Workneh6Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Sustainable Energy Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia; Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, NigeriaDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Sustainable Energy Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Corresponding authors at: Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Sustainable Energy Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria Nsukka, NigeriaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria; African Center of Excellence ACE-SPED, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NigeriaDepartment of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria; African Center of Excellence ACE-SPED, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NigeriaDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Sustainable Energy Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Corresponding authors at: Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as a promising technology for sustainable energy production, offering the dual benefits of electricity generation and wastewater treatment. By harnessing the metabolic activity of electroactive microorganisms during substrate oxidation, MFCs convert chemical energy into electrical energy. However, despite their potential, the practical implementation of MFCs is significantly hindered by their relatively low power output. Among the various components of an MFCs, the anode plays a pivotal role not only as the primary site for electron collection from microbial metabolism but also as a surface for biofilm formation. The inadequate performance of conventional anode materials remains a critical limitation, underscoring the need for enhanced electrode designs. In recent years, carbon-based materials have garnered significant attention due to their favorable properties, including high conductivity, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental working principles of MFCs, with a particular focus on advancements in carbonaceous anode materials. Various modification strategies aimed at improving the electrochemical and biological performance of carbon-based electrodes are critically analyzed. Finally, the review highlights current challenges and outlines future research directions to facilitate the practical deployment of MFCs for simultaneous wastewater treatment and renewable energy generation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625006101Microbial fuel cellCarbon-based anodeAnode modificationRenewable energy
spellingShingle Tigist Merga
Gebrehiwot Gebreslassie
Tesfu Hailu
A.C. Nwanya
F.I. Ezema
P.M. Ejikeme
Getachew Adam Workneh
Progress of carbon-based electrodes in microbial fuel cells: A comprehensive review
Results in Chemistry
Microbial fuel cell
Carbon-based anode
Anode modification
Renewable energy
title Progress of carbon-based electrodes in microbial fuel cells: A comprehensive review
title_full Progress of carbon-based electrodes in microbial fuel cells: A comprehensive review
title_fullStr Progress of carbon-based electrodes in microbial fuel cells: A comprehensive review
title_full_unstemmed Progress of carbon-based electrodes in microbial fuel cells: A comprehensive review
title_short Progress of carbon-based electrodes in microbial fuel cells: A comprehensive review
title_sort progress of carbon based electrodes in microbial fuel cells a comprehensive review
topic Microbial fuel cell
Carbon-based anode
Anode modification
Renewable energy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625006101
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AT acnwanya progressofcarbonbasedelectrodesinmicrobialfuelcellsacomprehensivereview
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