GOLD Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Reaching Mid‐Latitudes During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm
Abstract A coronal mass ejection erupted from the Sun on 21 April 2023 and created a G4 geomagnetic storm on 23 April. NASA's global‐scale observations of the limb and disk (GOLD) imager observed bright equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests at ∼25° Mlat, ∼11° poleward from their average lo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-06-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003847 |
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| author | Deepak Kumar Karan Carlos R. Martinis Richard W. Eastes Robert E. Daniell William E. McClintock Chao‐Song Huang |
| author_facet | Deepak Kumar Karan Carlos R. Martinis Richard W. Eastes Robert E. Daniell William E. McClintock Chao‐Song Huang |
| author_sort | Deepak Kumar Karan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract A coronal mass ejection erupted from the Sun on 21 April 2023 and created a G4 geomagnetic storm on 23 April. NASA's global‐scale observations of the limb and disk (GOLD) imager observed bright equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests at ∼25° Mlat, ∼11° poleward from their average locations, computed by averaging the EIA crests during the previous geomagnetic quiet days (18–22 April) between ∼15°W and 5°W Glon. Reversed C‐shape equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were observed reaching ∼±36° Mlat (∼40°N and ∼30°S Glat) with apex altitudes ∼4,000 km and large westward tilts of ∼52°. Using GOLD's observations EPBs zonal motions are derived. It is observed that the EPBs zonal velocities are eastward near the equator and westward at mid‐latitudes. Model‐predicted prompt penetration electric fields indicate that they may have affected the postsunset pre‐reversal enhancement at equatorial latitudes. Zonal ion drifts from a defense meteorological satellite program satellite suggest that westward neutral winds and perturbed westward ion drifts over mid‐latitudes contributed to the observed latitudinal shear in zonal drifts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f7c4c81698f14784b675663db2e1cec5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-f7c4c81698f14784b675663db2e1cec52025-01-14T16:30:51ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902024-06-01226n/an/a10.1029/2023SW003847GOLD Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Reaching Mid‐Latitudes During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic StormDeepak Kumar Karan0Carlos R. Martinis1Richard W. Eastes2Robert E. Daniell3William E. McClintock4Chao‐Song Huang5Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder CO USACenter for Space Physics Boston University Boston MA USALaboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder CO USAIonospheric Physics Stoughton MA USALaboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder CO USASpace Vehicles Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Albuquerque NM USAAbstract A coronal mass ejection erupted from the Sun on 21 April 2023 and created a G4 geomagnetic storm on 23 April. NASA's global‐scale observations of the limb and disk (GOLD) imager observed bright equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests at ∼25° Mlat, ∼11° poleward from their average locations, computed by averaging the EIA crests during the previous geomagnetic quiet days (18–22 April) between ∼15°W and 5°W Glon. Reversed C‐shape equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were observed reaching ∼±36° Mlat (∼40°N and ∼30°S Glat) with apex altitudes ∼4,000 km and large westward tilts of ∼52°. Using GOLD's observations EPBs zonal motions are derived. It is observed that the EPBs zonal velocities are eastward near the equator and westward at mid‐latitudes. Model‐predicted prompt penetration electric fields indicate that they may have affected the postsunset pre‐reversal enhancement at equatorial latitudes. Zonal ion drifts from a defense meteorological satellite program satellite suggest that westward neutral winds and perturbed westward ion drifts over mid‐latitudes contributed to the observed latitudinal shear in zonal drifts.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003847NASA GOLD missiongeomagnetic stormequatorial ionization anomalyequatorial plasma bubblenighttime ionosphereextreme EPB |
| spellingShingle | Deepak Kumar Karan Carlos R. Martinis Richard W. Eastes Robert E. Daniell William E. McClintock Chao‐Song Huang GOLD Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Reaching Mid‐Latitudes During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm Space Weather NASA GOLD mission geomagnetic storm equatorial ionization anomaly equatorial plasma bubble nighttime ionosphere extreme EPB |
| title | GOLD Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Reaching Mid‐Latitudes During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_full | GOLD Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Reaching Mid‐Latitudes During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_fullStr | GOLD Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Reaching Mid‐Latitudes During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_full_unstemmed | GOLD Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Reaching Mid‐Latitudes During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_short | GOLD Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Reaching Mid‐Latitudes During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_sort | gold observations of equatorial plasma bubbles reaching mid latitudes during the 23 april 2023 geomagnetic storm |
| topic | NASA GOLD mission geomagnetic storm equatorial ionization anomaly equatorial plasma bubble nighttime ionosphere extreme EPB |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003847 |
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