Single but Not Combined In Vitro Exposure to Bisphenol A and Nanoplastics Affects the Cholinergic Function of the Ascidian <i>Ciona robusta</i>
Nanoplastics are known to represent a threat to marine ecosystems. Their combination with other contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) may amplify ecotoxic effects, with unknown impacts on marine biodiversity. This study investigates the effects, single and combined, of bisphenol A (BPA)—one of th...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Safa Melki Emma Ferrari Raja Ben Ahmed Antonietta Spagnuolo Ilaria Corsi |
| author_facet | Safa Melki Emma Ferrari Raja Ben Ahmed Antonietta Spagnuolo Ilaria Corsi |
| author_sort | Safa Melki |
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| description | Nanoplastics are known to represent a threat to marine ecosystems. Their combination with other contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) may amplify ecotoxic effects, with unknown impacts on marine biodiversity. This study investigates the effects, single and combined, of bisphenol A (BPA)—one of the most hazardous CECs—and polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs)—as a proxy for nanoplastics, being among the most commonly found asmarine debris—on cholinesterase (ChE) activities of the ascidian <i>Ciona robusta</i>. ChE activity was first measured in the siphons, tunic, and viscera of wild-caught adult specimens and exposed in vitro to BPA (0.01, 0.21, 0.69 mM) and PS NPs (0.0096–0.096 mM; 8.096 × 10<sup>9</sup>–10<sup>10</sup> particles, respectively) alone and combined for 15 min of incubation. PS NPs’ behavior in milliQ water and in the ChE assay reaction buffer was characterized alone, combined with BPA, and analyzed through ζ-potential measurements via Dynamic Light Scattering. The results revealed that ChE activity was predominant in the viscera and siphons of <i>C. robusta</i>; PS NPs did not affect the ChE activity alone or combined, while BPA caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of ChE activity in the viscera. No changes in ζ-potential were observed for PS NPs alone or combined with BPA in the ChE buffer, suggesting no interaction. Further investigations are needed to understand the potential neurotoxic consequences for <i>C. robusta</i> and ecological risk scenarios due to exposure to BPA and nanoplastics in marine coastal waters. |
| format | Article |
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| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Journal of Xenobiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-f6fcb4771f704313b2e4d22d7aa14db42024-12-27T14:34:18ZengMDPI AGJournal of Xenobiotics2039-47052039-47132024-12-011441930194010.3390/jox14040103Single but Not Combined In Vitro Exposure to Bisphenol A and Nanoplastics Affects the Cholinergic Function of the Ascidian <i>Ciona robusta</i>Safa Melki0Emma Ferrari1Raja Ben Ahmed2Antonietta Spagnuolo3Ilaria Corsi4Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms LR18ES41, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, TunisiaDepartment of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms LR18ES41, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, TunisiaDepartment of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyNanoplastics are known to represent a threat to marine ecosystems. Their combination with other contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) may amplify ecotoxic effects, with unknown impacts on marine biodiversity. This study investigates the effects, single and combined, of bisphenol A (BPA)—one of the most hazardous CECs—and polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs)—as a proxy for nanoplastics, being among the most commonly found asmarine debris—on cholinesterase (ChE) activities of the ascidian <i>Ciona robusta</i>. ChE activity was first measured in the siphons, tunic, and viscera of wild-caught adult specimens and exposed in vitro to BPA (0.01, 0.21, 0.69 mM) and PS NPs (0.0096–0.096 mM; 8.096 × 10<sup>9</sup>–10<sup>10</sup> particles, respectively) alone and combined for 15 min of incubation. PS NPs’ behavior in milliQ water and in the ChE assay reaction buffer was characterized alone, combined with BPA, and analyzed through ζ-potential measurements via Dynamic Light Scattering. The results revealed that ChE activity was predominant in the viscera and siphons of <i>C. robusta</i>; PS NPs did not affect the ChE activity alone or combined, while BPA caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of ChE activity in the viscera. No changes in ζ-potential were observed for PS NPs alone or combined with BPA in the ChE buffer, suggesting no interaction. Further investigations are needed to understand the potential neurotoxic consequences for <i>C. robusta</i> and ecological risk scenarios due to exposure to BPA and nanoplastics in marine coastal waters.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/14/4/103ecotoxicologycholinesterasesascidiansemerging contaminantsmixture toxicitypolystyrene nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Safa Melki Emma Ferrari Raja Ben Ahmed Antonietta Spagnuolo Ilaria Corsi Single but Not Combined In Vitro Exposure to Bisphenol A and Nanoplastics Affects the Cholinergic Function of the Ascidian <i>Ciona robusta</i> Journal of Xenobiotics ecotoxicology cholinesterases ascidians emerging contaminants mixture toxicity polystyrene nanoparticles |
| title | Single but Not Combined In Vitro Exposure to Bisphenol A and Nanoplastics Affects the Cholinergic Function of the Ascidian <i>Ciona robusta</i> |
| title_full | Single but Not Combined In Vitro Exposure to Bisphenol A and Nanoplastics Affects the Cholinergic Function of the Ascidian <i>Ciona robusta</i> |
| title_fullStr | Single but Not Combined In Vitro Exposure to Bisphenol A and Nanoplastics Affects the Cholinergic Function of the Ascidian <i>Ciona robusta</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Single but Not Combined In Vitro Exposure to Bisphenol A and Nanoplastics Affects the Cholinergic Function of the Ascidian <i>Ciona robusta</i> |
| title_short | Single but Not Combined In Vitro Exposure to Bisphenol A and Nanoplastics Affects the Cholinergic Function of the Ascidian <i>Ciona robusta</i> |
| title_sort | single but not combined in vitro exposure to bisphenol a and nanoplastics affects the cholinergic function of the ascidian i ciona robusta i |
| topic | ecotoxicology cholinesterases ascidians emerging contaminants mixture toxicity polystyrene nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/14/4/103 |
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