Design and Implementation of a Binary Phase-Shift Keying Frequency Diverse Array: Considerations and Challenges
The frequency diverse array (FDA) is an architecture capable of beamforming in both range and angle, improving upon the traditional phased array (PA) which can only achieve beamforming in angle. The FDA employing directional modulation (DM) for secure directional communications (SDC) can reduce bit...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/193 |
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| author | Nicholas R. Munson Bill Correll Justin K. A. Henry Ram M. Narayanan Travis D. Bufler |
| author_facet | Nicholas R. Munson Bill Correll Justin K. A. Henry Ram M. Narayanan Travis D. Bufler |
| author_sort | Nicholas R. Munson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The frequency diverse array (FDA) is an architecture capable of beamforming in both range and angle, improving upon the traditional phased array (PA) which can only achieve beamforming in angle. The FDA employing directional modulation (DM) for secure directional communications (SDC) can reduce bit error rates (BERs) in both range and angle, again improving upon the traditional PA which can only reduce BER in angle. In this paper, we document the challenges involved in the design and implementation of a two-element linear FDA employing fast-time binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulations. We also show that the experimentally collected field data match well with the results of simulations based on our analytical model. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f4cc59b222704d64a4e72dac975ca20a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-f4cc59b222704d64a4e72dac975ca20a2025-01-10T13:21:11ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-01-0125119310.3390/s25010193Design and Implementation of a Binary Phase-Shift Keying Frequency Diverse Array: Considerations and ChallengesNicholas R. Munson0Bill Correll1Justin K. A. Henry2Ram M. Narayanan3Travis D. Bufler4Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAMaxar Intelligence, 1200 Joe Hall Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAApplied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USAThe frequency diverse array (FDA) is an architecture capable of beamforming in both range and angle, improving upon the traditional phased array (PA) which can only achieve beamforming in angle. The FDA employing directional modulation (DM) for secure directional communications (SDC) can reduce bit error rates (BERs) in both range and angle, again improving upon the traditional PA which can only reduce BER in angle. In this paper, we document the challenges involved in the design and implementation of a two-element linear FDA employing fast-time binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulations. We also show that the experimentally collected field data match well with the results of simulations based on our analytical model.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/193frequency diverse array (FDA)binary phase-shift keying (BPSK)secure directional communications (SDCs)Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP)physical layer security |
| spellingShingle | Nicholas R. Munson Bill Correll Justin K. A. Henry Ram M. Narayanan Travis D. Bufler Design and Implementation of a Binary Phase-Shift Keying Frequency Diverse Array: Considerations and Challenges Sensors frequency diverse array (FDA) binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) secure directional communications (SDCs) Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) physical layer security |
| title | Design and Implementation of a Binary Phase-Shift Keying Frequency Diverse Array: Considerations and Challenges |
| title_full | Design and Implementation of a Binary Phase-Shift Keying Frequency Diverse Array: Considerations and Challenges |
| title_fullStr | Design and Implementation of a Binary Phase-Shift Keying Frequency Diverse Array: Considerations and Challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Implementation of a Binary Phase-Shift Keying Frequency Diverse Array: Considerations and Challenges |
| title_short | Design and Implementation of a Binary Phase-Shift Keying Frequency Diverse Array: Considerations and Challenges |
| title_sort | design and implementation of a binary phase shift keying frequency diverse array considerations and challenges |
| topic | frequency diverse array (FDA) binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) secure directional communications (SDCs) Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) physical layer security |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/193 |
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