Solar enabled pathway to large-scale green hydrogen production and storage: A framework for Oman’s advancing renewable energy goals

The utilisation of renewable energy sources for hydrogen production is increasingly vital for ensuring the long-term sustainability of global energy systems. Currently, the Sultanate of Oman is actively integrating renewable energy, particularly through the deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) syst...

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Main Authors: Amer Al Rasbi, Shanza Neda Hussain, Aritra Ghosh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502907X
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author Amer Al Rasbi
Shanza Neda Hussain
Aritra Ghosh
author_facet Amer Al Rasbi
Shanza Neda Hussain
Aritra Ghosh
author_sort Amer Al Rasbi
collection DOAJ
description The utilisation of renewable energy sources for hydrogen production is increasingly vital for ensuring the long-term sustainability of global energy systems. Currently, the Sultanate of Oman is actively integrating renewable energy, particularly through the deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, as part of its ambitious targets for the forthcoming decades. Also, Oman has target to achieve 1 million tonnes of green-H2 production annually. Leveraging Oman's abundant solar resources to produce green hydrogen and promote the clean transportation industry could significantly boost the country's sustainable energy sector. This paper outlines a standalone bifacial solar-powered system designed for large-scale green hydrogen (H2) production and storage to operate both a hydrogen refuelling station and an electric vehicle charging station in Sohar, Oman. Using HOMER software, three scenarios: PV/Hydrogen/Battery, PV/Hydrogen, PV/Battery systems were compared from a techno-economic perspective. Also, the night-time operation (Battery/Hydrogen) was investigated. Varying cost of electricity were obtained depending on the system from $3.91/kWh to $0.0000565 kWh while the bifacial PV/Hydrogen/Battery system emerged as the most efficient option, boasting a unit cost of electricity (COE) of $3.91/kWh and a levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) value of $6.63/kg with net present cost 199M. This system aligns well with Oman's 2030 objectives, with the capacity to generate 1 million tonnes of green-H2 annually. Additionally, the findings show that the surplus electricity from the system could potentially cover over 30% of Oman's total energy consumption, with zero harmful emissions. The implementation of this system promises to enhance Oman's economic and transportation industries by promoting the adoption of electric and fuel cell vehicles while reducing reliance on traditional energy sources.
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spelling doaj-art-f4904b31af004c55b5add6b9b04d9c6a2025-08-24T05:14:22ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710684310.1016/j.rineng.2025.106843Solar enabled pathway to large-scale green hydrogen production and storage: A framework for Oman’s advancing renewable energy goalsAmer Al Rasbi0Shanza Neda Hussain1Aritra Ghosh2Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy (ESE), Renewable Energy, Electric and Electronic Engineering, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UKFaculty of Environment, Science and Economy (ESE), Renewable Energy, Electric and Electronic Engineering, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UKCorresponding author.; Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy (ESE), Renewable Energy, Electric and Electronic Engineering, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UKThe utilisation of renewable energy sources for hydrogen production is increasingly vital for ensuring the long-term sustainability of global energy systems. Currently, the Sultanate of Oman is actively integrating renewable energy, particularly through the deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, as part of its ambitious targets for the forthcoming decades. Also, Oman has target to achieve 1 million tonnes of green-H2 production annually. Leveraging Oman's abundant solar resources to produce green hydrogen and promote the clean transportation industry could significantly boost the country's sustainable energy sector. This paper outlines a standalone bifacial solar-powered system designed for large-scale green hydrogen (H2) production and storage to operate both a hydrogen refuelling station and an electric vehicle charging station in Sohar, Oman. Using HOMER software, three scenarios: PV/Hydrogen/Battery, PV/Hydrogen, PV/Battery systems were compared from a techno-economic perspective. Also, the night-time operation (Battery/Hydrogen) was investigated. Varying cost of electricity were obtained depending on the system from $3.91/kWh to $0.0000565 kWh while the bifacial PV/Hydrogen/Battery system emerged as the most efficient option, boasting a unit cost of electricity (COE) of $3.91/kWh and a levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) value of $6.63/kg with net present cost 199M. This system aligns well with Oman's 2030 objectives, with the capacity to generate 1 million tonnes of green-H2 annually. Additionally, the findings show that the surplus electricity from the system could potentially cover over 30% of Oman's total energy consumption, with zero harmful emissions. The implementation of this system promises to enhance Oman's economic and transportation industries by promoting the adoption of electric and fuel cell vehicles while reducing reliance on traditional energy sources.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502907XBatteryElectric vehicleGreen hydrogenLevelized costOmanPhotovoltaic, VRFB
spellingShingle Amer Al Rasbi
Shanza Neda Hussain
Aritra Ghosh
Solar enabled pathway to large-scale green hydrogen production and storage: A framework for Oman’s advancing renewable energy goals
Results in Engineering
Battery
Electric vehicle
Green hydrogen
Levelized cost
Oman
Photovoltaic, VRFB
title Solar enabled pathway to large-scale green hydrogen production and storage: A framework for Oman’s advancing renewable energy goals
title_full Solar enabled pathway to large-scale green hydrogen production and storage: A framework for Oman’s advancing renewable energy goals
title_fullStr Solar enabled pathway to large-scale green hydrogen production and storage: A framework for Oman’s advancing renewable energy goals
title_full_unstemmed Solar enabled pathway to large-scale green hydrogen production and storage: A framework for Oman’s advancing renewable energy goals
title_short Solar enabled pathway to large-scale green hydrogen production and storage: A framework for Oman’s advancing renewable energy goals
title_sort solar enabled pathway to large scale green hydrogen production and storage a framework for oman s advancing renewable energy goals
topic Battery
Electric vehicle
Green hydrogen
Levelized cost
Oman
Photovoltaic, VRFB
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502907X
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AT shanzanedahussain solarenabledpathwaytolargescalegreenhydrogenproductionandstorageaframeworkforomansadvancingrenewableenergygoals
AT aritraghosh solarenabledpathwaytolargescalegreenhydrogenproductionandstorageaframeworkforomansadvancingrenewableenergygoals