On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos.
The origin of Plasmodium falciparum, the etiological agent of the most dangerous forms of human malaria, remains controversial. Although investigations of homologous parasites in African Apes are crucial to resolve this issue, studies have been restricted to a chimpanzee parasite related to P. falci...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2010-02-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1000765&type=printable |
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| author | Sabrina Krief Ananias A Escalante M Andreina Pacheco Lawrence Mugisha Claudine André Michel Halbwax Anne Fischer Jean-Michel Krief John M Kasenene Mike Crandfield Omar E Cornejo Jean-Marc Chavatte Clara Lin Franck Letourneur Anne Charlotte Grüner Thomas F McCutchan Laurent Rénia Georges Snounou |
| author_facet | Sabrina Krief Ananias A Escalante M Andreina Pacheco Lawrence Mugisha Claudine André Michel Halbwax Anne Fischer Jean-Michel Krief John M Kasenene Mike Crandfield Omar E Cornejo Jean-Marc Chavatte Clara Lin Franck Letourneur Anne Charlotte Grüner Thomas F McCutchan Laurent Rénia Georges Snounou |
| author_sort | Sabrina Krief |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The origin of Plasmodium falciparum, the etiological agent of the most dangerous forms of human malaria, remains controversial. Although investigations of homologous parasites in African Apes are crucial to resolve this issue, studies have been restricted to a chimpanzee parasite related to P. falciparum, P. reichenowi, for which a single isolate was available until very recently. Using PCR amplification, we detected Plasmodium parasites in blood samples from 18 of 91 individuals of the genus Pan, including six chimpanzees (three Pan troglodytes troglodytes, three Pan t. schweinfurthii) and twelve bonobos (Pan paniscus). We obtained sequences of the parasites' mitochondrial genomes and/or from two nuclear genes from 14 samples. In addition to P. reichenowi, three other hitherto unknown lineages were found in the chimpanzees. One is related to P. vivax and two to P. falciparum that are likely to belong to distinct species. In the bonobos we found P. falciparum parasites whose mitochondrial genomes indicated that they were distinct from those present in humans, and another parasite lineage related to P. malariae. Phylogenetic analyses based on this diverse set of Plasmodium parasites in African Apes shed new light on the evolutionary history of P. falciparum. The data suggested that P. falciparum did not originate from P. reichenowi of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), but rather evolved in bonobos (Pan paniscus), from which it subsequently colonized humans by a host-switch. Finally, our data and that of others indicated that chimpanzees and bonobos maintain malaria parasites, to which humans are susceptible, a factor of some relevance to the renewed efforts to eradicate malaria. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f323f494f60f492f91c8dc3fcbf2efc9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2010-02-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-f323f494f60f492f91c8dc3fcbf2efc92025-01-16T05:31:03ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742010-02-0162e100076510.1371/journal.ppat.1000765On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos.Sabrina KriefAnanias A EscalanteM Andreina PachecoLawrence MugishaClaudine AndréMichel HalbwaxAnne FischerJean-Michel KriefJohn M KaseneneMike CrandfieldOmar E CornejoJean-Marc ChavatteClara LinFranck LetourneurAnne Charlotte GrünerThomas F McCutchanLaurent RéniaGeorges SnounouThe origin of Plasmodium falciparum, the etiological agent of the most dangerous forms of human malaria, remains controversial. Although investigations of homologous parasites in African Apes are crucial to resolve this issue, studies have been restricted to a chimpanzee parasite related to P. falciparum, P. reichenowi, for which a single isolate was available until very recently. Using PCR amplification, we detected Plasmodium parasites in blood samples from 18 of 91 individuals of the genus Pan, including six chimpanzees (three Pan troglodytes troglodytes, three Pan t. schweinfurthii) and twelve bonobos (Pan paniscus). We obtained sequences of the parasites' mitochondrial genomes and/or from two nuclear genes from 14 samples. In addition to P. reichenowi, three other hitherto unknown lineages were found in the chimpanzees. One is related to P. vivax and two to P. falciparum that are likely to belong to distinct species. In the bonobos we found P. falciparum parasites whose mitochondrial genomes indicated that they were distinct from those present in humans, and another parasite lineage related to P. malariae. Phylogenetic analyses based on this diverse set of Plasmodium parasites in African Apes shed new light on the evolutionary history of P. falciparum. The data suggested that P. falciparum did not originate from P. reichenowi of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), but rather evolved in bonobos (Pan paniscus), from which it subsequently colonized humans by a host-switch. Finally, our data and that of others indicated that chimpanzees and bonobos maintain malaria parasites, to which humans are susceptible, a factor of some relevance to the renewed efforts to eradicate malaria.https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1000765&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Sabrina Krief Ananias A Escalante M Andreina Pacheco Lawrence Mugisha Claudine André Michel Halbwax Anne Fischer Jean-Michel Krief John M Kasenene Mike Crandfield Omar E Cornejo Jean-Marc Chavatte Clara Lin Franck Letourneur Anne Charlotte Grüner Thomas F McCutchan Laurent Rénia Georges Snounou On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos. |
| title_full | On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos. |
| title_fullStr | On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos. |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos. |
| title_short | On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos. |
| title_sort | on the diversity of malaria parasites in african apes and the origin of plasmodium falciparum from bonobos |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1000765&type=printable |
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