Changes in the standard freezing depth of seasonally frozen ground in China over the last 50 years
In recent years, under the influence of global warming, the freezing depth of seasonally frozen ground (SFG) has decreased at an accelerating rate. This has affected engineering and construction insofar as accurate determinations are needed of SFG areas and the amount of frost heaving. In this study...
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| Format: | Article |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15230430.2024.2395090 |
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| author | Shuo Wang Zuo-Jun Ning You-Hua Ran Wei Cao Er-Xing Peng Chen-Yang Peng Ji-Chun Wu Bing-Quan Wang Yu Sheng |
| author_facet | Shuo Wang Zuo-Jun Ning You-Hua Ran Wei Cao Er-Xing Peng Chen-Yang Peng Ji-Chun Wu Bing-Quan Wang Yu Sheng |
| author_sort | Shuo Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, under the influence of global warming, the freezing depth of seasonally frozen ground (SFG) has decreased at an accelerating rate. This has affected engineering and construction insofar as accurate determinations are needed of SFG areas and the amount of frost heaving. In this study, a method of deriving the E-factor using the improved Stefan formula was used to study changes in the standard freezing depth (SFD) of SFG in China. The method was used to reveal the trends and patterns of changes in the SFD of SFG over the past fifty years. The study relied on ERA5L and reanalysis data and empirical formulas for standard sites in China’s SFG regions. Raster data of the interdecadal SFD in SFG areas of China from 1971 to 2020 were generated to analyze changes in the SFD. Our results show that in the past fifty years, the SFD in China’s SFG areas has shown a downward trend, with the SFD changing at an average rate of −6.749 cm/10a years. The average SFD in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s was 111.31, 107.13, 95.69, 89.84, and 86.21 cm, respectively. From the overall performance of the SFD in different decadal periods, the SFD in central and northeast China changed sharply within the range of 35° N to 50° N in SFG regions. The boundary lines of low-value SFDs expanded sharply to the north as the latitude increased, and the boundary lines of high-value SFDs contracted sharply. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f2f517e8ec2c4a1091a84673ff6ead20 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1523-0430 1938-4246 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-f2f517e8ec2c4a1091a84673ff6ead202025-01-13T14:40:40ZengTaylor & Francis GroupArctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research1523-04301938-42462024-12-0156110.1080/15230430.2024.2395090Changes in the standard freezing depth of seasonally frozen ground in China over the last 50 yearsShuo Wang0Zuo-Jun Ning1You-Hua Ran2Wei Cao3Er-Xing Peng4Chen-Yang Peng5Ji-Chun Wu6Bing-Quan Wang7Yu Sheng8Northwest Institution of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaSchool of Transportation, Kashi University, Kashi, Xinjiang, ChinaNorthwest Institution of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaSchool of Spatial Planning and Design, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaNorthwest Institution of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaNorthwest Institution of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaNorthwest Institution of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaNorthwest Institution of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaNorthwest Institution of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaIn recent years, under the influence of global warming, the freezing depth of seasonally frozen ground (SFG) has decreased at an accelerating rate. This has affected engineering and construction insofar as accurate determinations are needed of SFG areas and the amount of frost heaving. In this study, a method of deriving the E-factor using the improved Stefan formula was used to study changes in the standard freezing depth (SFD) of SFG in China. The method was used to reveal the trends and patterns of changes in the SFD of SFG over the past fifty years. The study relied on ERA5L and reanalysis data and empirical formulas for standard sites in China’s SFG regions. Raster data of the interdecadal SFD in SFG areas of China from 1971 to 2020 were generated to analyze changes in the SFD. Our results show that in the past fifty years, the SFD in China’s SFG areas has shown a downward trend, with the SFD changing at an average rate of −6.749 cm/10a years. The average SFD in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s was 111.31, 107.13, 95.69, 89.84, and 86.21 cm, respectively. From the overall performance of the SFD in different decadal periods, the SFD in central and northeast China changed sharply within the range of 35° N to 50° N in SFG regions. The boundary lines of low-value SFDs expanded sharply to the north as the latitude increased, and the boundary lines of high-value SFDs contracted sharply.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15230430.2024.2395090Standard freezing depthseasonally frozen groundE-factorimproved Stefan formula |
| spellingShingle | Shuo Wang Zuo-Jun Ning You-Hua Ran Wei Cao Er-Xing Peng Chen-Yang Peng Ji-Chun Wu Bing-Quan Wang Yu Sheng Changes in the standard freezing depth of seasonally frozen ground in China over the last 50 years Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research Standard freezing depth seasonally frozen ground E-factor improved Stefan formula |
| title | Changes in the standard freezing depth of seasonally frozen ground in China over the last 50 years |
| title_full | Changes in the standard freezing depth of seasonally frozen ground in China over the last 50 years |
| title_fullStr | Changes in the standard freezing depth of seasonally frozen ground in China over the last 50 years |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in the standard freezing depth of seasonally frozen ground in China over the last 50 years |
| title_short | Changes in the standard freezing depth of seasonally frozen ground in China over the last 50 years |
| title_sort | changes in the standard freezing depth of seasonally frozen ground in china over the last 50 years |
| topic | Standard freezing depth seasonally frozen ground E-factor improved Stefan formula |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15230430.2024.2395090 |
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