Influence of aging on dermal elastin fiber architecture and skin firmness assessed by finite element modeling

Abstract Skin firmness and elasticity are largely determined by the dermal extracellular matrix, particularly the elastin fiber network. Age-related degradation of elastin alters its architecture, contributing to diminished skin resilience. However, the quantitative relationship between elastin fibe...

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Main Authors: Fei Jiang, Takeshi Tohgasaki, Mayuko Kami, Ryota Sanuki, Yuya Nakata, Shinya Kondo, Xian Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14393-2
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author Fei Jiang
Takeshi Tohgasaki
Mayuko Kami
Ryota Sanuki
Yuya Nakata
Shinya Kondo
Xian Chen
author_facet Fei Jiang
Takeshi Tohgasaki
Mayuko Kami
Ryota Sanuki
Yuya Nakata
Shinya Kondo
Xian Chen
author_sort Fei Jiang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Skin firmness and elasticity are largely determined by the dermal extracellular matrix, particularly the elastin fiber network. Age-related degradation of elastin alters its architecture, contributing to diminished skin resilience. However, the quantitative relationship between elastin fiber geometry and macroscopic skin firmness remains incompletely understood. In this study, we developed a novel computational framework integrating realistic 3D elastin fiber geometries–extracted from confocal microscopy images of human abdominal skin samples (Caucasian females, aged 38–78 years)–into a finite element (FE) model of the dermal matrix. The elastin networks were explicitly represented as beam elements within the FE domain. Unconfined compression simulations were conducted to evaluate skin’s elastic resistance force and correlate it with quantified geometric parameters of the elastin networks. The results revealed a significant age-dependent decline in skin firmness, strongly associated with reductions in fiber diameter, fiber count, volume fraction, network connectivity (as indicated by increased fragmentation and reduced maximum cluster size), and the proportion of vertically oriented fibers. Among these, fiber count and maximum cluster size were the most important predictors of skin firmness. This study provides quantitative, mechanistic insights into how specific architectural alterations in elastin fibers directly impact the mechanical properties of aging skin. These findings emphasize the critical role of elastin network integrity and structural organization in maintaining skin function and offer a compelling rationale for therapeutic or cosmetic strategies aimed at preserving or restoring the elastin framework to maintain skin firmness.
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spelling doaj-art-f2df6cd291a34fb68b97b47b9a8fa4a32025-08-20T03:45:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-14393-2Influence of aging on dermal elastin fiber architecture and skin firmness assessed by finite element modelingFei Jiang0Takeshi Tohgasaki1Mayuko Kami2Ryota Sanuki3Yuya Nakata4Shinya Kondo5Xian Chen6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi UniversityFANCL Research Institute, FANCL CorporationFANCL Research Institute, FANCL CorporationDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi UniversityFANCL Research Institute, FANCL CorporationDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi UniversityAbstract Skin firmness and elasticity are largely determined by the dermal extracellular matrix, particularly the elastin fiber network. Age-related degradation of elastin alters its architecture, contributing to diminished skin resilience. However, the quantitative relationship between elastin fiber geometry and macroscopic skin firmness remains incompletely understood. In this study, we developed a novel computational framework integrating realistic 3D elastin fiber geometries–extracted from confocal microscopy images of human abdominal skin samples (Caucasian females, aged 38–78 years)–into a finite element (FE) model of the dermal matrix. The elastin networks were explicitly represented as beam elements within the FE domain. Unconfined compression simulations were conducted to evaluate skin’s elastic resistance force and correlate it with quantified geometric parameters of the elastin networks. The results revealed a significant age-dependent decline in skin firmness, strongly associated with reductions in fiber diameter, fiber count, volume fraction, network connectivity (as indicated by increased fragmentation and reduced maximum cluster size), and the proportion of vertically oriented fibers. Among these, fiber count and maximum cluster size were the most important predictors of skin firmness. This study provides quantitative, mechanistic insights into how specific architectural alterations in elastin fibers directly impact the mechanical properties of aging skin. These findings emphasize the critical role of elastin network integrity and structural organization in maintaining skin function and offer a compelling rationale for therapeutic or cosmetic strategies aimed at preserving or restoring the elastin framework to maintain skin firmness.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14393-2Elastin fiberSkin firmnessFinite element modeling
spellingShingle Fei Jiang
Takeshi Tohgasaki
Mayuko Kami
Ryota Sanuki
Yuya Nakata
Shinya Kondo
Xian Chen
Influence of aging on dermal elastin fiber architecture and skin firmness assessed by finite element modeling
Scientific Reports
Elastin fiber
Skin firmness
Finite element modeling
title Influence of aging on dermal elastin fiber architecture and skin firmness assessed by finite element modeling
title_full Influence of aging on dermal elastin fiber architecture and skin firmness assessed by finite element modeling
title_fullStr Influence of aging on dermal elastin fiber architecture and skin firmness assessed by finite element modeling
title_full_unstemmed Influence of aging on dermal elastin fiber architecture and skin firmness assessed by finite element modeling
title_short Influence of aging on dermal elastin fiber architecture and skin firmness assessed by finite element modeling
title_sort influence of aging on dermal elastin fiber architecture and skin firmness assessed by finite element modeling
topic Elastin fiber
Skin firmness
Finite element modeling
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14393-2
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