Effects of two warm-up protocols on isokinetic knee strength, jumping ability and sprint swimming performance in competitive swimmers

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different dryland warm-up protocols on knee isokinetic strength, vertical jumping, and sprint performance in competitive swimmers. Twenty-four male swimmers were randomly assigned to the FIFA 11 + group (n = 12) or the post-activation...

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Main Authors: Zixiang Zhou, Pedro G. Morouço, Athanasios A. Dalamitros, Chao Chen, Weijia Cui, Rui Wu, Jian Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79984-x
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author Zixiang Zhou
Pedro G. Morouço
Athanasios A. Dalamitros
Chao Chen
Weijia Cui
Rui Wu
Jian Wang
author_facet Zixiang Zhou
Pedro G. Morouço
Athanasios A. Dalamitros
Chao Chen
Weijia Cui
Rui Wu
Jian Wang
author_sort Zixiang Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different dryland warm-up protocols on knee isokinetic strength, vertical jumping, and sprint performance in competitive swimmers. Twenty-four male swimmers were randomly assigned to the FIFA 11 + group (n = 12) or the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) group (n = 12). The FIFA 11 + group performed the FIFA 11 + warm-up program three times per week for 6 weeks, whereas the PAPE group consisted of performing general activities and three sets of five drop jumps. Performance test included concentric (con) and eccentric (ecc) isokinetic strength of the quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H) of the dominant (DL) and non-dominant (NDL) limbs at three angular velocities, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and a 50-m time trial. The conventional (Hcon: Qcon) and functional (Hecc: Qcon) ratios were calculated pre- and post- intervention. The FIFA 11 + group showed a significant increase in DL-Hcon (p < 0.05, ES = 1.0-1.8), and NDL-Hcon (p < 0.05, ES = 1.0-1.6) in all angular velocities, and DL-Qcon (p < 0.05, ES = 0.9) at 60°·s− 1. The PAPE group significantly improved DL-Qcon at 180°·s− 1, 240°·s− 1 (both p < 0.05, ES = 1.0), and NDL-Qcon at 240°·s− 1 (p < 0.05, ES = 0.9). Additionally, FIFA 11 + showed significant improvement in DL-Hcon and NDL-Hcon (both p < 0.05, ES = 0.9–1.8) compared with PAPE. FIFA 11 + increased DL-Hcon: Qcon60 (p < 0.05, ES = 1.1) and NDL- Hcom: Qcon60,240 (both p < 0.05, ES = 1.2) compared with PAPE. Both groups significantly improved CMJ (FIFA 11 + p < 0.01, ES = 0.4 and PAPE p < 0.01, ES = 0.3), SJ (both p < 0.01, ES = 0.6) and 50-m swimming performance (FIFA 11 + p < 0.05, ES = -0.8 and PAPE p < 0.05, ES = -0.6). Both warm-up protocols showed similar improvements in jumping ability and sprint swimming performance. The FIFA 11 + seemed more efficient in improving lower limb isokinetic strength and conventional strength ratios in male competitive swimmers.
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spelling doaj-art-f2508c1fb5704b4c859f4078d827213a2024-11-24T12:19:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111010.1038/s41598-024-79984-xEffects of two warm-up protocols on isokinetic knee strength, jumping ability and sprint swimming performance in competitive swimmersZixiang Zhou0Pedro G. Morouço1Athanasios A. Dalamitros2Chao Chen3Weijia Cui4Rui Wu5Jian Wang6Department of Physical Education, Ludong UniversityDepartment of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of LeiriaSchool of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiCollege of Physical Education, Dalian UniversitySchool of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of SportSchool of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of SportSchool of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of SportAbstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different dryland warm-up protocols on knee isokinetic strength, vertical jumping, and sprint performance in competitive swimmers. Twenty-four male swimmers were randomly assigned to the FIFA 11 + group (n = 12) or the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) group (n = 12). The FIFA 11 + group performed the FIFA 11 + warm-up program three times per week for 6 weeks, whereas the PAPE group consisted of performing general activities and three sets of five drop jumps. Performance test included concentric (con) and eccentric (ecc) isokinetic strength of the quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H) of the dominant (DL) and non-dominant (NDL) limbs at three angular velocities, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and a 50-m time trial. The conventional (Hcon: Qcon) and functional (Hecc: Qcon) ratios were calculated pre- and post- intervention. The FIFA 11 + group showed a significant increase in DL-Hcon (p < 0.05, ES = 1.0-1.8), and NDL-Hcon (p < 0.05, ES = 1.0-1.6) in all angular velocities, and DL-Qcon (p < 0.05, ES = 0.9) at 60°·s− 1. The PAPE group significantly improved DL-Qcon at 180°·s− 1, 240°·s− 1 (both p < 0.05, ES = 1.0), and NDL-Qcon at 240°·s− 1 (p < 0.05, ES = 0.9). Additionally, FIFA 11 + showed significant improvement in DL-Hcon and NDL-Hcon (both p < 0.05, ES = 0.9–1.8) compared with PAPE. FIFA 11 + increased DL-Hcon: Qcon60 (p < 0.05, ES = 1.1) and NDL- Hcom: Qcon60,240 (both p < 0.05, ES = 1.2) compared with PAPE. Both groups significantly improved CMJ (FIFA 11 + p < 0.01, ES = 0.4 and PAPE p < 0.01, ES = 0.3), SJ (both p < 0.01, ES = 0.6) and 50-m swimming performance (FIFA 11 + p < 0.05, ES = -0.8 and PAPE p < 0.05, ES = -0.6). Both warm-up protocols showed similar improvements in jumping ability and sprint swimming performance. The FIFA 11 + seemed more efficient in improving lower limb isokinetic strength and conventional strength ratios in male competitive swimmers.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79984-xKnee strength ratioLower limb strengthPost-activation performance enhancementElite swimmers
spellingShingle Zixiang Zhou
Pedro G. Morouço
Athanasios A. Dalamitros
Chao Chen
Weijia Cui
Rui Wu
Jian Wang
Effects of two warm-up protocols on isokinetic knee strength, jumping ability and sprint swimming performance in competitive swimmers
Scientific Reports
Knee strength ratio
Lower limb strength
Post-activation performance enhancement
Elite swimmers
title Effects of two warm-up protocols on isokinetic knee strength, jumping ability and sprint swimming performance in competitive swimmers
title_full Effects of two warm-up protocols on isokinetic knee strength, jumping ability and sprint swimming performance in competitive swimmers
title_fullStr Effects of two warm-up protocols on isokinetic knee strength, jumping ability and sprint swimming performance in competitive swimmers
title_full_unstemmed Effects of two warm-up protocols on isokinetic knee strength, jumping ability and sprint swimming performance in competitive swimmers
title_short Effects of two warm-up protocols on isokinetic knee strength, jumping ability and sprint swimming performance in competitive swimmers
title_sort effects of two warm up protocols on isokinetic knee strength jumping ability and sprint swimming performance in competitive swimmers
topic Knee strength ratio
Lower limb strength
Post-activation performance enhancement
Elite swimmers
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79984-x
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