Smoldering Ignition and Transition to Flaming Combustion of Pine Needle Fuel Beds: Effects of Bulk Density and Heat Supply

The smoldering of pine needle fuel beds (PNBs) has been a common subject of research because of its importance in initiating the rekindling of forest floor fires. Experimental studies of the coupling effects of the bulk density and external heat supply on smoldering in PNBs have been scarce up to no...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jiuling Yang, Jiepei Xu, Xiang Wu, Haoliang Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Fire
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/7/11/383
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