An Improved Optimal Cloud Entropy Extension Cloud Model for the Risk Assessment of Soft Rock Tunnels in Fault Fracture Zones

An Improved Optimal Cloud Entropy Extension Cloud Model for the Risk Assessment of Soft Rock Tunnels in Fault Fracture Zones

Existing risk assessment approaches for soft rock tunnels in fault-fractured zones typically employ single weighting schemes, inadequately integrate subjective and objective weights, and fail to define clear risk. This study proposes a risk-grading methodology that integrates an enhanced game theore...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shuangqing Ma, Yongli Xie, Junling Qiu, Jinxing Lai, Hao Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
fault fracture zone
soft rock tunnel
risk assessment
game theory
extension cloud model
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/15/2700
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https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/15/2700

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