KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN HAK WARISAN ANAK ANGKAT DI INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA
This study aims to analyze and compare the inheritance rights of adopted children in Indonesia and Malaysia while integrating them with the principles of Islamic inheritance law. The primary focus of this study is to examine the statutory status of inheritance rights of adopted children in relation...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Arabic |
| Published: |
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://mjsl.usim.edu.my/index.php/jurnalmjsl/article/view/1164 |
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| Summary: | This study aims to analyze and compare the inheritance rights of adopted children in Indonesia and Malaysia while integrating them with the principles of Islamic inheritance law. The primary focus of this study is to examine the statutory status of inheritance rights of adopted children in relation to their adoptive parents, considering that both countries have a majority Muslim population. An adopted child is defined as an individual whose custody, education, and care are transferred from their biological family or legal guardian to adoptive parents. Although the status of adopted children is legally recognized in Malaysia and Indonesia, issues often arise concerning their inheritance rights from their adoptive parents' estates. This study employs a qualitative approach using descriptive, comparisons and doctrinal analysis to understand this position. From the perspective of Islamic law, adopted children do not have direct inheritance rights from their adoptive parents except through wasiat wajibah (compulsory bequest), which cannot exceed one-third of the total estate and hibah. Conversely, under several statues of law, the status of adopted children in certain cases is equated with that of biological children, enabling them to become heirs. The findings of this study are expected to provide guidance and legal considerations in resolving inheritance disputes, particularly those involving the inheritance rights of adopted children. In specific circumstances, adopted children may still be entitled to inheritance, provided that the bequest does not exceed one-third of the total estate, in alignment with the principles of wasiat wajibah under Islamic law.
Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan kedudukan hak pewarisan anak angkat di Indonesia dan Malaysia serta mengintegrasikannya dengan prinsip undang-undang pewarisan dalam Islam. Fokus utama kajian ini adalah untuk meneliti status berkanun hak pewarisan anak angkat berbanding ibu bapa angkat mereka, dengan mengambil kira bahawa kedua-dua negara mempunyai majoriti penduduk beragama Islam. Anak angkat didefinisikan sebagai individu yang hak penjagaan, pendidikan, dan pemeliharaannya dipindahkan daripada keluarga asal atau penjaga sah kepada ibu bapa angkat. Walaupun status anak angkat diakui sah di sisi undang-undang di Malaysia dan Indonesia, isu sering timbul berkaitan hak pewarisan terhadap harta pusaka ibu bapa angkat mereka. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui perbandingan deskriptif dan analisis dokumen untuk memahami kedudukan tersebut. Dari perspektif undang-undang Islam, anak angkat tidak memiliki hak pewarisan secara langsung daripada ibu bapa angkat kecuali melalui pemberian wasiat wajibah, yang jumlahnya tidak boleh melebihi satu pertiga daripada keseluruhan harta pusaka dan hibah. Sebaliknya, dalam undang-undang yang diguna pakai di Malaysia dan Indonesia, kedudukan anak angkat di sesetengah kes disamakan dengan anak kandung, yang membolehkan mereka menjadi ahli waris. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan panduan dan pertimbangan undang-undang dalam menyelesaikan pertikaian berkaitan harta pusaka, khususnya dalam isu status hak pewarisan anak angkat. Dalam keadaan tertentu, anak angkat masih berhak menerima pusaka dengan syarat pemberian tersebut tidak melebihi satu pertiga daripada jumlah harta pusaka, sejajar dengan prinsip wasiat wajibah dalam undang-undang Islam.
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| ISSN: | 1985-7454 2590-4396 |