Spatial scale effects on the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services in China’s Huaihe river basin

Abstract Quantifying the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services (ESs) and exploring their spatial scale effects are essential to guide sustainable and diversified ecosystem management. This study systematically analyzed the trade-offs and synergies between seven ESs, including water purif...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yaowen Chang, Yunpeng Wang, Li Yuan, Xiaoyou Yao, Ronghua Zhang, Xia Liu, Zhaofei Fan, Jiayu Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06753-9
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