Effect of Different Synthetic Nitrogen Forms and Levels on Nitrification and Denitrification Key Genes Abundances: Implications for Oligotrophic Forest Soil Management
Climate change and anthropogenic nitrogen addition alter the soil physicochemical properties and microbial activity in oligotrophic forest soil. Unbalanced and non-selective nitrogen fertilizer application is lost as gas emissions (N<sub>2</sub>O, NO) and also contributed to eutrophicati...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nitrogen |
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| author | Muhammad Jamal Ameer Yushan Liu Xiaoting Zhao Siyu Yan Tongbao Qu |
| author_facet | Muhammad Jamal Ameer Yushan Liu Xiaoting Zhao Siyu Yan Tongbao Qu |
| author_sort | Muhammad Jamal Ameer |
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| description | Climate change and anthropogenic nitrogen addition alter the soil physicochemical properties and microbial activity in oligotrophic forest soil. Unbalanced and non-selective nitrogen fertilizer application is lost as gas emissions (N<sub>2</sub>O, NO) and also contributed to eutrophication through NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> leachate. Similarly, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> infiltrates and contaminated drinking water sources lead to human thyroid dysfunction. In order to protect depleting timber growth due to nitrogen deficiency and increasing ecological concerns from nitrogen misapplication, we reviewed the effects of different synthetic nitrogen forms and levels on the biogeochemical process. In this review, we focused on the most recent findings from research articles, review articles, and meta-analyses on forest soil and also followed the complementary insights from agricultural soil so that we may be able to highlight how these observations contribute to the understanding of the forest soil nitrogen cycle. Firstly, we elaborated the role of nitrification and denitrification in the nitrogen transformation process. Secondly, we discussed the effect of different nitrogen forms and levels on nitrification and denitrification functional gene abundances. Thirdly, we analyzed the possible effect of gene abundances on the nitrogen conversion process. Finally, we revealed that different forms and levels of synthetic nitrogen not only alter the nitrogen conversion pathways by increasing the gene abundances through substrate availability but also shift the gene dominance, thereby modifying soil physicochemical properties, such as pH. This collectively changes the conditions, which are critical for gene expression potential involved in the nitrogen conversion process. These findings may create a direction for sustainable and eco-friendly fertilizer application in nitrogen-deficient soil. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e3ceb3b03e8a4011b153adf9ca98f94c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2504-3129 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Nitrogen |
| spelling | doaj-art-e3ceb3b03e8a4011b153adf9ca98f94c2025-08-20T03:43:29ZengMDPI AGNitrogen2504-31292025-01-0161410.3390/nitrogen6010004Effect of Different Synthetic Nitrogen Forms and Levels on Nitrification and Denitrification Key Genes Abundances: Implications for Oligotrophic Forest Soil ManagementMuhammad Jamal Ameer0Yushan Liu1Xiaoting Zhao2Siyu Yan3Tongbao Qu4College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaClimate change and anthropogenic nitrogen addition alter the soil physicochemical properties and microbial activity in oligotrophic forest soil. Unbalanced and non-selective nitrogen fertilizer application is lost as gas emissions (N<sub>2</sub>O, NO) and also contributed to eutrophication through NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> leachate. Similarly, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> infiltrates and contaminated drinking water sources lead to human thyroid dysfunction. In order to protect depleting timber growth due to nitrogen deficiency and increasing ecological concerns from nitrogen misapplication, we reviewed the effects of different synthetic nitrogen forms and levels on the biogeochemical process. In this review, we focused on the most recent findings from research articles, review articles, and meta-analyses on forest soil and also followed the complementary insights from agricultural soil so that we may be able to highlight how these observations contribute to the understanding of the forest soil nitrogen cycle. Firstly, we elaborated the role of nitrification and denitrification in the nitrogen transformation process. Secondly, we discussed the effect of different nitrogen forms and levels on nitrification and denitrification functional gene abundances. Thirdly, we analyzed the possible effect of gene abundances on the nitrogen conversion process. Finally, we revealed that different forms and levels of synthetic nitrogen not only alter the nitrogen conversion pathways by increasing the gene abundances through substrate availability but also shift the gene dominance, thereby modifying soil physicochemical properties, such as pH. This collectively changes the conditions, which are critical for gene expression potential involved in the nitrogen conversion process. These findings may create a direction for sustainable and eco-friendly fertilizer application in nitrogen-deficient soil.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3129/6/1/4synthetic nitrogengene abundancesecological nichenitrogen transformationforest soil |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Jamal Ameer Yushan Liu Xiaoting Zhao Siyu Yan Tongbao Qu Effect of Different Synthetic Nitrogen Forms and Levels on Nitrification and Denitrification Key Genes Abundances: Implications for Oligotrophic Forest Soil Management Nitrogen synthetic nitrogen gene abundances ecological niche nitrogen transformation forest soil |
| title | Effect of Different Synthetic Nitrogen Forms and Levels on Nitrification and Denitrification Key Genes Abundances: Implications for Oligotrophic Forest Soil Management |
| title_full | Effect of Different Synthetic Nitrogen Forms and Levels on Nitrification and Denitrification Key Genes Abundances: Implications for Oligotrophic Forest Soil Management |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Different Synthetic Nitrogen Forms and Levels on Nitrification and Denitrification Key Genes Abundances: Implications for Oligotrophic Forest Soil Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Different Synthetic Nitrogen Forms and Levels on Nitrification and Denitrification Key Genes Abundances: Implications for Oligotrophic Forest Soil Management |
| title_short | Effect of Different Synthetic Nitrogen Forms and Levels on Nitrification and Denitrification Key Genes Abundances: Implications for Oligotrophic Forest Soil Management |
| title_sort | effect of different synthetic nitrogen forms and levels on nitrification and denitrification key genes abundances implications for oligotrophic forest soil management |
| topic | synthetic nitrogen gene abundances ecological niche nitrogen transformation forest soil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3129/6/1/4 |
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