Operando visualization of water distribution hysteresis under temperature cycling in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Abstract Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) face significant challenges during cold starts, where water phase transitions affect critically fuel cell performance. While previous studies have primarily focused on ice formation and melting behavior, the impact of water condensation after breaking...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wataru Yoshimune, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Akihiko Kato, Yoriko Matsuoka, Satoru Kato
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08939-7
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