A whole blood assay for antibody dependent phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes

Abstract Background Antibodies are used to protect against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. One antibody target, the variant surface antigens, is expressed on infected erythrocytes (IEs). Antibodies to these antigens can either block IE sequestration in the tissues, facilitate natural killer cell-medi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dilini Rathnayake, Wina Hasang, Alexander Macpherson, HongHua Ding, Laurens Manning, Moses Laman, Maria Ome-Kaius, Holger W. Unger, Feiko Ter Kuile, Mwayi Madanitsa, Bruce Wines, P. Mark Hogarth, Elizabeth H. Aitken, Stephen J. Rogerson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Communications Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00989-2
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849332192339034112
author Dilini Rathnayake
Wina Hasang
Alexander Macpherson
HongHua Ding
Laurens Manning
Moses Laman
Maria Ome-Kaius
Holger W. Unger
Feiko Ter Kuile
Mwayi Madanitsa
Bruce Wines
P. Mark Hogarth
Elizabeth H. Aitken
Stephen J. Rogerson
author_facet Dilini Rathnayake
Wina Hasang
Alexander Macpherson
HongHua Ding
Laurens Manning
Moses Laman
Maria Ome-Kaius
Holger W. Unger
Feiko Ter Kuile
Mwayi Madanitsa
Bruce Wines
P. Mark Hogarth
Elizabeth H. Aitken
Stephen J. Rogerson
author_sort Dilini Rathnayake
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Antibodies are used to protect against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. One antibody target, the variant surface antigens, is expressed on infected erythrocytes (IEs). Antibodies to these antigens can either block IE sequestration in the tissues, facilitate natural killer cell-mediated killing, or opsonise IEs for phagocytic clearance by neutrophils and monocytes. Methods We developed a high-throughput assay to measure antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP, by blood monocytes) in the same sample of fresh whole blood. Results Here we show that immune plasma mediates ADNP and ADCP in a concentration-dependent manner. Uptake is greater in the presence of complement proteins and is largely dependent on the expression of P. falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 located on the IE surface. Plasma from pregnant Papua New Guinean women with and without placental malaria shows that ADNP and ADCP are associated with protection from placental malaria. ADNP, but not ADCP, using IEs expressing IT4VAR19 (a PfEMP1 variant that binds to endothelial protein C receptor through a DC8 domain cassette) is higher at hospital presentation in children with uncomplicated malaria than in severe malaria. In pregnant women, ADNP and ADCP in whole blood are strongly correlated with one another (Spearman’s rho = 0.90), but not with ADNP or ADCP using purified neutrophils and monocytes in the absence of complement proteins. Conclusions The whole blood assay is a powerful new tool to assess functional antibodies that may protect against P. falciparum malaria. It allows simultaneous measurement of phagocytosis of opsonised IEs by monocytes and neutrophils.
format Article
id doaj-art-e2d37fa8fe4c4da3bbf27d22b8ae0e31
institution Kabale University
issn 2730-664X
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Communications Medicine
spelling doaj-art-e2d37fa8fe4c4da3bbf27d22b8ae0e312025-08-20T03:46:16ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Medicine2730-664X2025-07-015111210.1038/s43856-025-00989-2A whole blood assay for antibody dependent phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytesDilini Rathnayake0Wina Hasang1Alexander Macpherson2HongHua Ding3Laurens Manning4Moses Laman5Maria Ome-Kaius6Holger W. Unger7Feiko Ter Kuile8Mwayi Madanitsa9Bruce Wines10P. Mark Hogarth11Elizabeth H. Aitken12Stephen J. Rogerson13Department of Medicine (RMH), Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneDiscovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly & Co.Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneUWA Medical School, The University of Western AustraliaPapua New Guinea. Institute of Medical ResearchPapua New Guinea. Institute of Medical ResearchGlobal and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and TechnologyImmune Therapies Group, Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet InstituteImmune Therapies Group, Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet InstituteDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneDepartment of Medicine (RMH), Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneAbstract Background Antibodies are used to protect against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. One antibody target, the variant surface antigens, is expressed on infected erythrocytes (IEs). Antibodies to these antigens can either block IE sequestration in the tissues, facilitate natural killer cell-mediated killing, or opsonise IEs for phagocytic clearance by neutrophils and monocytes. Methods We developed a high-throughput assay to measure antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP, by blood monocytes) in the same sample of fresh whole blood. Results Here we show that immune plasma mediates ADNP and ADCP in a concentration-dependent manner. Uptake is greater in the presence of complement proteins and is largely dependent on the expression of P. falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 located on the IE surface. Plasma from pregnant Papua New Guinean women with and without placental malaria shows that ADNP and ADCP are associated with protection from placental malaria. ADNP, but not ADCP, using IEs expressing IT4VAR19 (a PfEMP1 variant that binds to endothelial protein C receptor through a DC8 domain cassette) is higher at hospital presentation in children with uncomplicated malaria than in severe malaria. In pregnant women, ADNP and ADCP in whole blood are strongly correlated with one another (Spearman’s rho = 0.90), but not with ADNP or ADCP using purified neutrophils and monocytes in the absence of complement proteins. Conclusions The whole blood assay is a powerful new tool to assess functional antibodies that may protect against P. falciparum malaria. It allows simultaneous measurement of phagocytosis of opsonised IEs by monocytes and neutrophils.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00989-2
spellingShingle Dilini Rathnayake
Wina Hasang
Alexander Macpherson
HongHua Ding
Laurens Manning
Moses Laman
Maria Ome-Kaius
Holger W. Unger
Feiko Ter Kuile
Mwayi Madanitsa
Bruce Wines
P. Mark Hogarth
Elizabeth H. Aitken
Stephen J. Rogerson
A whole blood assay for antibody dependent phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes
Communications Medicine
title A whole blood assay for antibody dependent phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes
title_full A whole blood assay for antibody dependent phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes
title_fullStr A whole blood assay for antibody dependent phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes
title_full_unstemmed A whole blood assay for antibody dependent phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes
title_short A whole blood assay for antibody dependent phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes
title_sort whole blood assay for antibody dependent phagocytosis of plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00989-2
work_keys_str_mv AT dilinirathnayake awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT winahasang awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT alexandermacpherson awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT honghuading awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT laurensmanning awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT moseslaman awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT mariaomekaius awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT holgerwunger awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT feikoterkuile awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT mwayimadanitsa awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT brucewines awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT pmarkhogarth awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT elizabethhaitken awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT stephenjrogerson awholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT dilinirathnayake wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT winahasang wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT alexandermacpherson wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT honghuading wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT laurensmanning wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT moseslaman wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT mariaomekaius wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT holgerwunger wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT feikoterkuile wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT mwayimadanitsa wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT brucewines wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT pmarkhogarth wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT elizabethhaitken wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes
AT stephenjrogerson wholebloodassayforantibodydependentphagocytosisofplasmodiumfalciparuminfectederythrocytes