Elucidating the complex hydrolysis and conversion network of xanthan-like extracellular heteropolysaccharides in waste activated sludge fermentation
The hydrolysis of structural extracellular polymeric substances (St-EPS) is considered a major limiting step in the anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS). However, the degradation of heteropolysaccharides, characterized by complex monomers of uronic acids and neutral saccharides in...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Water Research X |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914725000039 |
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| author | Chen-Yuan Zhou Kun Dai Yi-Peng Lin Xing-Chen Huang Yan-Lin Hu Xuan-Xin Chen Xiao-Fei Yang Qi-Yuan Sun Yong Zhang Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht Raymond Jianxiong Zeng Fang Zhang |
| author_facet | Chen-Yuan Zhou Kun Dai Yi-Peng Lin Xing-Chen Huang Yan-Lin Hu Xuan-Xin Chen Xiao-Fei Yang Qi-Yuan Sun Yong Zhang Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht Raymond Jianxiong Zeng Fang Zhang |
| author_sort | Chen-Yuan Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The hydrolysis of structural extracellular polymeric substances (St-EPS) is considered a major limiting step in the anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS). However, the degradation of heteropolysaccharides, characterized by complex monomers of uronic acids and neutral saccharides in St-EPS, has rarely been reported. In this study, microbial-produced xanthan-like heteropolysaccharides, characterized by a blue filamentary film, were identified. The xanthan-producing bacteria comprised ∼7.2% of total genera present in WAS. An xanthan-degrading consortium (XDC) was enriched in an anaerobic batch reactor. This consortium could degrade Xanthan for over 90% and disrupt the gel structure of xanthan while promoting methane production from WAS by 29%. The xanthan degradation network consisting of extracellular enzymes and bacteria was elucidated by combining high-throughput sequencing, metagenomic, and metaproteomic analyses. Five enzymes were identified as responsible for hydrolyzing xanthan to monomers, including xanthan lyase, β-d-glucosidase, β-d-glucanase, α-d-mannosidase, and unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase. Seven genera, including Paenibacillus (0.2%) and Clostridium (3.1%), were identified as key bacteria excreting one to five of the aforementioned enzymes. This study thus provides insights into the complex conversions in anaerobic digestion of WAS and gives a foundation for future optimization of this process. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e06131af3d884529977fc269cb456353 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2589-9147 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Research X |
| spelling | doaj-art-e06131af3d884529977fc269cb4563532025-01-16T04:29:11ZengElsevierWater Research X2589-91472025-05-0127100303Elucidating the complex hydrolysis and conversion network of xanthan-like extracellular heteropolysaccharides in waste activated sludge fermentationChen-Yuan Zhou0Kun Dai1Yi-Peng Lin2Xing-Chen Huang3Yan-Lin Hu4Xuan-Xin Chen5Xiao-Fei Yang6Qi-Yuan Sun7Yong Zhang8Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht9Raymond Jianxiong Zeng10Fang Zhang11Center of Wastewater Resource Recovery, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCenter of Wastewater Resource Recovery, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCenter of Wastewater Resource Recovery, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCenter of Wastewater Resource Recovery, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCenter of Wastewater Resource Recovery, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCenter of Wastewater Resource Recovery, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCenter of Wastewater Resource Recovery, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, ChinaDepartment of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, Delft 2628 BC, the NetherlandsCenter of Wastewater Resource Recovery, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCenter of Wastewater Resource Recovery, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Corresponding author.The hydrolysis of structural extracellular polymeric substances (St-EPS) is considered a major limiting step in the anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS). However, the degradation of heteropolysaccharides, characterized by complex monomers of uronic acids and neutral saccharides in St-EPS, has rarely been reported. In this study, microbial-produced xanthan-like heteropolysaccharides, characterized by a blue filamentary film, were identified. The xanthan-producing bacteria comprised ∼7.2% of total genera present in WAS. An xanthan-degrading consortium (XDC) was enriched in an anaerobic batch reactor. This consortium could degrade Xanthan for over 90% and disrupt the gel structure of xanthan while promoting methane production from WAS by 29%. The xanthan degradation network consisting of extracellular enzymes and bacteria was elucidated by combining high-throughput sequencing, metagenomic, and metaproteomic analyses. Five enzymes were identified as responsible for hydrolyzing xanthan to monomers, including xanthan lyase, β-d-glucosidase, β-d-glucanase, α-d-mannosidase, and unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase. Seven genera, including Paenibacillus (0.2%) and Clostridium (3.1%), were identified as key bacteria excreting one to five of the aforementioned enzymes. This study thus provides insights into the complex conversions in anaerobic digestion of WAS and gives a foundation for future optimization of this process.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914725000039Xanthan-degrading consortiumHeteropolysaccharidesDegradation networkXanthan lyaseMethane production |
| spellingShingle | Chen-Yuan Zhou Kun Dai Yi-Peng Lin Xing-Chen Huang Yan-Lin Hu Xuan-Xin Chen Xiao-Fei Yang Qi-Yuan Sun Yong Zhang Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht Raymond Jianxiong Zeng Fang Zhang Elucidating the complex hydrolysis and conversion network of xanthan-like extracellular heteropolysaccharides in waste activated sludge fermentation Water Research X Xanthan-degrading consortium Heteropolysaccharides Degradation network Xanthan lyase Methane production |
| title | Elucidating the complex hydrolysis and conversion network of xanthan-like extracellular heteropolysaccharides in waste activated sludge fermentation |
| title_full | Elucidating the complex hydrolysis and conversion network of xanthan-like extracellular heteropolysaccharides in waste activated sludge fermentation |
| title_fullStr | Elucidating the complex hydrolysis and conversion network of xanthan-like extracellular heteropolysaccharides in waste activated sludge fermentation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elucidating the complex hydrolysis and conversion network of xanthan-like extracellular heteropolysaccharides in waste activated sludge fermentation |
| title_short | Elucidating the complex hydrolysis and conversion network of xanthan-like extracellular heteropolysaccharides in waste activated sludge fermentation |
| title_sort | elucidating the complex hydrolysis and conversion network of xanthan like extracellular heteropolysaccharides in waste activated sludge fermentation |
| topic | Xanthan-degrading consortium Heteropolysaccharides Degradation network Xanthan lyase Methane production |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914725000039 |
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