Tide and skew surge independence: New insights for flood risk

Abstract Storm surges are a significant hazard to coastal communities around the world, putting lives at risk and costing billions of dollars in damage. Understanding how storm surges and high tides interact is crucial for estimating extreme water levels so that we can protect coastal communities. W...

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Main Authors: Joanne Williams, Kevin J. Horsburgh, Jane A. Williams, Robert N. F. Proctor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2016-06-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069522
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author Joanne Williams
Kevin J. Horsburgh
Jane A. Williams
Robert N. F. Proctor
author_facet Joanne Williams
Kevin J. Horsburgh
Jane A. Williams
Robert N. F. Proctor
author_sort Joanne Williams
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Storm surges are a significant hazard to coastal communities around the world, putting lives at risk and costing billions of dollars in damage. Understanding how storm surges and high tides interact is crucial for estimating extreme water levels so that we can protect coastal communities. We demonstrate that in a tidal regime the best measure of a storm surge is the skew surge, the difference between the observed and predicted high water within a tidal cycle. Based on tide gauge records spanning decades from the UK, U.S., Netherlands, and Ireland we show that the magnitude of high water exerts no influence on the size of the most extreme skew surges. This is the first systematic proof that any storm surge can occur on any tide, which is essential for understanding worst‐case scenarios. The lack of surge generation dependency on water depth emphasizes the dominant natural variability of weather systems in an observation‐based analysis. Weak seasonal relationships between skew surges and high waters were identified at a minority of locations where long‐period changes to the tidal cycle interact with the storm season. Our results allow advances to be made in methods for estimating the joint probabilities of storm surges and tides.
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spelling doaj-art-df98a366a3fd4e5680f9cd913c20191d2025-08-20T03:49:37ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072016-06-0143126410641710.1002/2016GL069522Tide and skew surge independence: New insights for flood riskJoanne Williams0Kevin J. Horsburgh1Jane A. Williams2Robert N. F. Proctor3National Oceanography Centre Liverpool UKNational Oceanography Centre Liverpool UKNational Oceanography Centre Liverpool UKNational Oceanography Centre Liverpool UKAbstract Storm surges are a significant hazard to coastal communities around the world, putting lives at risk and costing billions of dollars in damage. Understanding how storm surges and high tides interact is crucial for estimating extreme water levels so that we can protect coastal communities. We demonstrate that in a tidal regime the best measure of a storm surge is the skew surge, the difference between the observed and predicted high water within a tidal cycle. Based on tide gauge records spanning decades from the UK, U.S., Netherlands, and Ireland we show that the magnitude of high water exerts no influence on the size of the most extreme skew surges. This is the first systematic proof that any storm surge can occur on any tide, which is essential for understanding worst‐case scenarios. The lack of surge generation dependency on water depth emphasizes the dominant natural variability of weather systems in an observation‐based analysis. Weak seasonal relationships between skew surges and high waters were identified at a minority of locations where long‐period changes to the tidal cycle interact with the storm season. Our results allow advances to be made in methods for estimating the joint probabilities of storm surges and tides.https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069522storm surgeskew surgetides
spellingShingle Joanne Williams
Kevin J. Horsburgh
Jane A. Williams
Robert N. F. Proctor
Tide and skew surge independence: New insights for flood risk
Geophysical Research Letters
storm surge
skew surge
tides
title Tide and skew surge independence: New insights for flood risk
title_full Tide and skew surge independence: New insights for flood risk
title_fullStr Tide and skew surge independence: New insights for flood risk
title_full_unstemmed Tide and skew surge independence: New insights for flood risk
title_short Tide and skew surge independence: New insights for flood risk
title_sort tide and skew surge independence new insights for flood risk
topic storm surge
skew surge
tides
url https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069522
work_keys_str_mv AT joannewilliams tideandskewsurgeindependencenewinsightsforfloodrisk
AT kevinjhorsburgh tideandskewsurgeindependencenewinsightsforfloodrisk
AT janeawilliams tideandskewsurgeindependencenewinsightsforfloodrisk
AT robertnfproctor tideandskewsurgeindependencenewinsightsforfloodrisk