Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation Practices for Enhanced Winter Wheat Productivity in the North China Plain: A Meta-Analysis
This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of different nitrogen application rates and irrigation practices on water-saving and yield enhancement in winter wheat production in the North China Plain (NCP) using a meta-analysis. By quantifying the impacts on crop yield, nitrogen use effic...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1686 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849330558014849024 |
|---|---|
| author | Donglin Wang Shaobo Liu Mengjing Guo Yuhan Cheng Longfei Shi Jipo Li Yongjie Yu Siyu Wu Qinge Dong Jiankun Ge Xuewen Gong |
| author_facet | Donglin Wang Shaobo Liu Mengjing Guo Yuhan Cheng Longfei Shi Jipo Li Yongjie Yu Siyu Wu Qinge Dong Jiankun Ge Xuewen Gong |
| author_sort | Donglin Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of different nitrogen application rates and irrigation practices on water-saving and yield enhancement in winter wheat production in the North China Plain (NCP) using a meta-analysis. By quantifying the impacts on crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and water use efficiency (WUE), the research provides a scientific basis for optimizing management practices in winter wheat production in this region. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, resulting in the inclusion of 94 eligible studies from 2018 to 2023. A random-effects model was employed to calculate the combined effect sizes, followed by subgroup and sensitivity analyses to further investigate the influence of nitrogen application rates, irrigation methods, and study regions on winter wheat production efficiency. The findings reveal that increasing nitrogen application rates and adopting deficit irrigation practices significantly improved winter wheat yield (combined effect size: 4.53 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>), NUE (43.29%), and WUE (0.013 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>·mm<sup>−1</sup>). The subgroup analysis further elucidated the critical roles of nitrogen application ratios, irrigation methods, and study regions in determining winter wheat production efficiency, while the sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings, as the pooled effect sizes decreased by merely 0.69% and increased by 0.61% after excluding small-sample or highly biased studies, respectively. The above meta-analysis did not incorporate long-term field trials; hence, two-year field experiments with designed irrigation and organic–inorganic fertilizer treatments were conducted, which provided further validation for the meta-analysis. Under short-term conditions (excluding CO<sub>2</sub> effects), we observed that chemical fertilizer exhibited a measurable inhibitory effect on crop water uptake and optimal water–fertilizer management was achieved with a 7:3 inorganic–organic fertilizer ratio combined with 450 m<sup>3</sup>·ha<sup>−1</sup> irrigation. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of optimizing nitrogen fertilization and irrigation management in enhancing winter wheat yield and resource utilization efficiency. The findings offer actionable insights for sustainable agricultural practices in the NCP and similar regions, contributing to improved crop productivity and resource conservation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dbb5ae9377554a5b84f44c7cbde852a5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-dbb5ae9377554a5b84f44c7cbde852a52025-08-20T03:46:53ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-05-011411168610.3390/plants14111686Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation Practices for Enhanced Winter Wheat Productivity in the North China Plain: A Meta-AnalysisDonglin Wang0Shaobo Liu1Mengjing Guo2Yuhan Cheng3Longfei Shi4Jipo Li5Yongjie Yu6Siyu Wu7Qinge Dong8Jiankun Ge9Xuewen Gong10College of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450000, ChinaSchool of Water Resources and Environment Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450000, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450000, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450000, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450000, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450000, ChinaCollege of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaInstitute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China (IWSA), Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450000, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450000, ChinaThis study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of different nitrogen application rates and irrigation practices on water-saving and yield enhancement in winter wheat production in the North China Plain (NCP) using a meta-analysis. By quantifying the impacts on crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and water use efficiency (WUE), the research provides a scientific basis for optimizing management practices in winter wheat production in this region. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, resulting in the inclusion of 94 eligible studies from 2018 to 2023. A random-effects model was employed to calculate the combined effect sizes, followed by subgroup and sensitivity analyses to further investigate the influence of nitrogen application rates, irrigation methods, and study regions on winter wheat production efficiency. The findings reveal that increasing nitrogen application rates and adopting deficit irrigation practices significantly improved winter wheat yield (combined effect size: 4.53 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>), NUE (43.29%), and WUE (0.013 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>·mm<sup>−1</sup>). The subgroup analysis further elucidated the critical roles of nitrogen application ratios, irrigation methods, and study regions in determining winter wheat production efficiency, while the sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings, as the pooled effect sizes decreased by merely 0.69% and increased by 0.61% after excluding small-sample or highly biased studies, respectively. The above meta-analysis did not incorporate long-term field trials; hence, two-year field experiments with designed irrigation and organic–inorganic fertilizer treatments were conducted, which provided further validation for the meta-analysis. Under short-term conditions (excluding CO<sub>2</sub> effects), we observed that chemical fertilizer exhibited a measurable inhibitory effect on crop water uptake and optimal water–fertilizer management was achieved with a 7:3 inorganic–organic fertilizer ratio combined with 450 m<sup>3</sup>·ha<sup>−1</sup> irrigation. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of optimizing nitrogen fertilization and irrigation management in enhancing winter wheat yield and resource utilization efficiency. The findings offer actionable insights for sustainable agricultural practices in the NCP and similar regions, contributing to improved crop productivity and resource conservation.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1686winter wheatirrigation practicesmeta-analysisnitrogen use efficiency (NUE)water use efficiency (WUE) |
| spellingShingle | Donglin Wang Shaobo Liu Mengjing Guo Yuhan Cheng Longfei Shi Jipo Li Yongjie Yu Siyu Wu Qinge Dong Jiankun Ge Xuewen Gong Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation Practices for Enhanced Winter Wheat Productivity in the North China Plain: A Meta-Analysis Plants winter wheat irrigation practices meta-analysis nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) water use efficiency (WUE) |
| title | Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation Practices for Enhanced Winter Wheat Productivity in the North China Plain: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation Practices for Enhanced Winter Wheat Productivity in the North China Plain: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation Practices for Enhanced Winter Wheat Productivity in the North China Plain: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation Practices for Enhanced Winter Wheat Productivity in the North China Plain: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation Practices for Enhanced Winter Wheat Productivity in the North China Plain: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | optimizing nitrogen fertilization and irrigation practices for enhanced winter wheat productivity in the north china plain a meta analysis |
| topic | winter wheat irrigation practices meta-analysis nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) water use efficiency (WUE) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1686 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT donglinwang optimizingnitrogenfertilizationandirrigationpracticesforenhancedwinterwheatproductivityinthenorthchinaplainametaanalysis AT shaoboliu optimizingnitrogenfertilizationandirrigationpracticesforenhancedwinterwheatproductivityinthenorthchinaplainametaanalysis AT mengjingguo optimizingnitrogenfertilizationandirrigationpracticesforenhancedwinterwheatproductivityinthenorthchinaplainametaanalysis AT yuhancheng optimizingnitrogenfertilizationandirrigationpracticesforenhancedwinterwheatproductivityinthenorthchinaplainametaanalysis AT longfeishi optimizingnitrogenfertilizationandirrigationpracticesforenhancedwinterwheatproductivityinthenorthchinaplainametaanalysis AT jipoli optimizingnitrogenfertilizationandirrigationpracticesforenhancedwinterwheatproductivityinthenorthchinaplainametaanalysis AT yongjieyu optimizingnitrogenfertilizationandirrigationpracticesforenhancedwinterwheatproductivityinthenorthchinaplainametaanalysis AT siyuwu optimizingnitrogenfertilizationandirrigationpracticesforenhancedwinterwheatproductivityinthenorthchinaplainametaanalysis AT qingedong optimizingnitrogenfertilizationandirrigationpracticesforenhancedwinterwheatproductivityinthenorthchinaplainametaanalysis AT jiankunge optimizingnitrogenfertilizationandirrigationpracticesforenhancedwinterwheatproductivityinthenorthchinaplainametaanalysis AT xuewengong optimizingnitrogenfertilizationandirrigationpracticesforenhancedwinterwheatproductivityinthenorthchinaplainametaanalysis |