Guanidinoacetic acid effects on ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production in sheep liquor: Dose-response analysis

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), a precursor of creatine, is partially degraded in the rumen when unprotected. While GAA has shown promise as a feed additive, its optimal dose for ruminants remains unclear. This study investigated the dose-response effects of GAA on in vitro ruminal fermentation and gree...

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Main Authors: Oscar Vicente Vazquez-Mendoza, Mona M.M.Y. Elghandour, Maria A. Mariezcurrena Berasain, Udoh A. Inyang, Akaninyene Jack, Maximilian Lackner, Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324005775
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author Oscar Vicente Vazquez-Mendoza
Mona M.M.Y. Elghandour
Maria A. Mariezcurrena Berasain
Udoh A. Inyang
Akaninyene Jack
Maximilian Lackner
Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem
author_facet Oscar Vicente Vazquez-Mendoza
Mona M.M.Y. Elghandour
Maria A. Mariezcurrena Berasain
Udoh A. Inyang
Akaninyene Jack
Maximilian Lackner
Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem
author_sort Oscar Vicente Vazquez-Mendoza
collection DOAJ
description Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), a precursor of creatine, is partially degraded in the rumen when unprotected. While GAA has shown promise as a feed additive, its optimal dose for ruminants remains unclear. This study investigated the dose-response effects of GAA on in vitro ruminal fermentation and greenhouse gas production in fattened sheep. Rumen inoculum from two Pelibuey sheep (30 kg ± 2 kg) fed a 50:50 forage: concentrate diet was used to test seven GAA doses: 0 (GAA0, control), 500 (GAA0.5), 1000 (GAA1), 1500 (GAA1.5), 2000 (GAA2), 2500 (GAA2.5), and 3000 (GAA3) mg/kg DM (dry matter). A completely randomized design was employed. GAA0.5 produced significantly higher total gas than GAA2. The CH4 production was similar across doses, except for GAA2.5, which was significantly higher than GAA0 and GAA0.5. GAA exhibited quadratic relationships with total gas production and linear relationships with CH4 and CO production but no significant effect on H2S. GAA linearly increased DM digestibility without significantly affecting ruminal fermentation profiles. GAA inclusion strongly influenced crude protein (CP) digestibility and degradability kinetics, with varying effects at different time points. The rate constant for degradation of the insoluble but potentially degradable CP fraction was highest with GAA1. In conclusion, GAA supplementation at GAA0.5 improved total gas production without increasing CH4 emissions, implying enhanced fermentation efficiency and improved performance. GAA's impact on CP digestibility varied with incubation time. These findings provide insights into developing optimal GAA dose/level supplementation that is effective in fattening sheep, though further in vivo studies are warranted to validate these effects and explore long-term impacts on rumen microbial populations and protein utilization.
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spelling doaj-art-dba953ce18354f7983e228e360a27f042024-12-16T05:38:15ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432024-12-0118101540Guanidinoacetic acid effects on ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production in sheep liquor: Dose-response analysisOscar Vicente Vazquez-Mendoza0Mona M.M.Y. Elghandour1Maria A. Mariezcurrena Berasain2Udoh A. Inyang3Akaninyene Jack4Maximilian Lackner5Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem6Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 50000, Toluca, Estado de México, MexicoFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 50000, Toluca, Estado de México, MexicoFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 50000, Toluca, Estado de México, MexicoDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, NigeriaDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, NigeriaFaculty of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200, Vienna, Austria; Corresponding author.Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 50000, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico; Corresponding author.Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), a precursor of creatine, is partially degraded in the rumen when unprotected. While GAA has shown promise as a feed additive, its optimal dose for ruminants remains unclear. This study investigated the dose-response effects of GAA on in vitro ruminal fermentation and greenhouse gas production in fattened sheep. Rumen inoculum from two Pelibuey sheep (30 kg ± 2 kg) fed a 50:50 forage: concentrate diet was used to test seven GAA doses: 0 (GAA0, control), 500 (GAA0.5), 1000 (GAA1), 1500 (GAA1.5), 2000 (GAA2), 2500 (GAA2.5), and 3000 (GAA3) mg/kg DM (dry matter). A completely randomized design was employed. GAA0.5 produced significantly higher total gas than GAA2. The CH4 production was similar across doses, except for GAA2.5, which was significantly higher than GAA0 and GAA0.5. GAA exhibited quadratic relationships with total gas production and linear relationships with CH4 and CO production but no significant effect on H2S. GAA linearly increased DM digestibility without significantly affecting ruminal fermentation profiles. GAA inclusion strongly influenced crude protein (CP) digestibility and degradability kinetics, with varying effects at different time points. The rate constant for degradation of the insoluble but potentially degradable CP fraction was highest with GAA1. In conclusion, GAA supplementation at GAA0.5 improved total gas production without increasing CH4 emissions, implying enhanced fermentation efficiency and improved performance. GAA's impact on CP digestibility varied with incubation time. These findings provide insights into developing optimal GAA dose/level supplementation that is effective in fattening sheep, though further in vivo studies are warranted to validate these effects and explore long-term impacts on rumen microbial populations and protein utilization.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324005775Guanidinoacetic acidGreenhouse gasesFermentation kineticsDigestibility
spellingShingle Oscar Vicente Vazquez-Mendoza
Mona M.M.Y. Elghandour
Maria A. Mariezcurrena Berasain
Udoh A. Inyang
Akaninyene Jack
Maximilian Lackner
Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem
Guanidinoacetic acid effects on ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production in sheep liquor: Dose-response analysis
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
Guanidinoacetic acid
Greenhouse gases
Fermentation kinetics
Digestibility
title Guanidinoacetic acid effects on ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production in sheep liquor: Dose-response analysis
title_full Guanidinoacetic acid effects on ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production in sheep liquor: Dose-response analysis
title_fullStr Guanidinoacetic acid effects on ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production in sheep liquor: Dose-response analysis
title_full_unstemmed Guanidinoacetic acid effects on ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production in sheep liquor: Dose-response analysis
title_short Guanidinoacetic acid effects on ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production in sheep liquor: Dose-response analysis
title_sort guanidinoacetic acid effects on ruminal fermentation digestibility and methane production in sheep liquor dose response analysis
topic Guanidinoacetic acid
Greenhouse gases
Fermentation kinetics
Digestibility
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324005775
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