Heavy metal content of over-the-counter toothpastes—a systematic review of in vitro studies

BackgroundHeavy metal contamination of the environment has become a global problem because of their toxicity, environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification. The daily use of toothpastes containing heavy metals can be a threat to the environment since they can bioaccumulate and rea...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kavery Chengappa, Ashwini Rao, Ramya Shenoy, Mithun Pai, Praveen Jodalli, Avinash BR
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Dental Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdmed.2025.1543972/full
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