Understanding barriers to spectacle wear compliance among schoolchildren in Calabar Nigeria: A qualitative study

Purpose: Despite the availability of free spectacles, many schoolchildren in Africa do not wear them regularly. This study explores the factors affecting compliance with spectacle wear among schoolchildren in Nigeria, aiming to inform targeted eye health education strategies and future interventions...

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Main Authors: Anne Effiom Ebri, Pirindha Govender, Kovin Naidoo, Frank Albert, Kajal Shah, Ving Fai Chan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:AJO International
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253525000632
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author Anne Effiom Ebri
Pirindha Govender
Kovin Naidoo
Frank Albert
Kajal Shah
Ving Fai Chan
author_facet Anne Effiom Ebri
Pirindha Govender
Kovin Naidoo
Frank Albert
Kajal Shah
Ving Fai Chan
author_sort Anne Effiom Ebri
collection DOAJ
description Purpose: Despite the availability of free spectacles, many schoolchildren in Africa do not wear them regularly. This study explores the factors affecting compliance with spectacle wear among schoolchildren in Nigeria, aiming to inform targeted eye health education strategies and future interventions. Design: A qualitative study using Focus group discussion with 42 participants including 34 schoolchildren. Methods: Participants for the focus group discussions (FGD) were selected from a cluster-randomized controlled trial that assessed spectacle compliance between September 2017 and June 2018. Out of 4241 schoolchildren aged 10 to 18 recruited for the study, 308 received spectacles. In early February 2018, during the third month of the trial, 40 students were purposively identified and invited to participate in the FGD. A total of 34 students were interviewed in four groups across four schools. Additionally, a fifth group of selected adults was interviewed in a hall. The interviews took place in mid-February 2018 and each session lasted between 45 and 85 min. Results: The findings reveal a mix of sociocultural misconceptions, stigma, environmental factors and self-perception issues influence children's decision to wear spectacles. According to the Health Belief Model, low perceived risk, high barriers to use, and limited cues to action hinder consistent wear. While improved vision and academic performance motivate some children, these benefits are outweighed by peer pressure and a lack of support. Conclusion: Enhancing self-efficacy through child-centred approaches, such as frame choice and improving frame aesthetics, promoting peer acceptance through targeted. School and community-based eye health initiatives should improve compliance.
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spelling doaj-art-db2f558c19e946c6b316f43013e04a3d2025-08-20T04:00:32ZengElsevierAJO International2950-25352025-10-012310016010.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100160Understanding barriers to spectacle wear compliance among schoolchildren in Calabar Nigeria: A qualitative studyAnne Effiom Ebri0Pirindha Govender1Kovin Naidoo2Frank Albert3Kajal Shah4Ving Fai Chan5Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Corresponding author.Department of Optometry, University of KwaZulu Natal, South AfricaDepartment of Optometry, University of KwaZulu Natal, South AfricaUniversity of Dodoma, Dodoma, TanzaniaDublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, IrelandCentre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, United KingdomPurpose: Despite the availability of free spectacles, many schoolchildren in Africa do not wear them regularly. This study explores the factors affecting compliance with spectacle wear among schoolchildren in Nigeria, aiming to inform targeted eye health education strategies and future interventions. Design: A qualitative study using Focus group discussion with 42 participants including 34 schoolchildren. Methods: Participants for the focus group discussions (FGD) were selected from a cluster-randomized controlled trial that assessed spectacle compliance between September 2017 and June 2018. Out of 4241 schoolchildren aged 10 to 18 recruited for the study, 308 received spectacles. In early February 2018, during the third month of the trial, 40 students were purposively identified and invited to participate in the FGD. A total of 34 students were interviewed in four groups across four schools. Additionally, a fifth group of selected adults was interviewed in a hall. The interviews took place in mid-February 2018 and each session lasted between 45 and 85 min. Results: The findings reveal a mix of sociocultural misconceptions, stigma, environmental factors and self-perception issues influence children's decision to wear spectacles. According to the Health Belief Model, low perceived risk, high barriers to use, and limited cues to action hinder consistent wear. While improved vision and academic performance motivate some children, these benefits are outweighed by peer pressure and a lack of support. Conclusion: Enhancing self-efficacy through child-centred approaches, such as frame choice and improving frame aesthetics, promoting peer acceptance through targeted. School and community-based eye health initiatives should improve compliance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253525000632Spectacle complianceQualitative studyRefractive errorSchoolchildrenFocus group discussionHealth belief model
spellingShingle Anne Effiom Ebri
Pirindha Govender
Kovin Naidoo
Frank Albert
Kajal Shah
Ving Fai Chan
Understanding barriers to spectacle wear compliance among schoolchildren in Calabar Nigeria: A qualitative study
AJO International
Spectacle compliance
Qualitative study
Refractive error
Schoolchildren
Focus group discussion
Health belief model
title Understanding barriers to spectacle wear compliance among schoolchildren in Calabar Nigeria: A qualitative study
title_full Understanding barriers to spectacle wear compliance among schoolchildren in Calabar Nigeria: A qualitative study
title_fullStr Understanding barriers to spectacle wear compliance among schoolchildren in Calabar Nigeria: A qualitative study
title_full_unstemmed Understanding barriers to spectacle wear compliance among schoolchildren in Calabar Nigeria: A qualitative study
title_short Understanding barriers to spectacle wear compliance among schoolchildren in Calabar Nigeria: A qualitative study
title_sort understanding barriers to spectacle wear compliance among schoolchildren in calabar nigeria a qualitative study
topic Spectacle compliance
Qualitative study
Refractive error
Schoolchildren
Focus group discussion
Health belief model
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253525000632
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