Selective mortality during famine and plague events in medieval London

Abstract Crisis mortality events such as disease epidemics and famines have long had major impacts on human health and demography, and clarifying variation in susceptibility to crisis mortality is crucial for enhancing our understanding of the larger-scale phenomena of human adaptation and biologica...

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Main Authors: K. Godde, Sharon N. DeWitte, Julia Beaumont, Brittany S. Walter, Rebecca Redfern, Jelena J. Bekvalac
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13198-7
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author K. Godde
Sharon N. DeWitte
Julia Beaumont
Brittany S. Walter
Rebecca Redfern
Jelena J. Bekvalac
author_facet K. Godde
Sharon N. DeWitte
Julia Beaumont
Brittany S. Walter
Rebecca Redfern
Jelena J. Bekvalac
author_sort K. Godde
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Crisis mortality events such as disease epidemics and famines have long had major impacts on human health and demography, and clarifying variation in susceptibility to crisis mortality is crucial for enhancing our understanding of the larger-scale phenomena of human adaptation and biological variation. Previous bioarchaeological research using data from human skeletal remains has revealed variable patterns of biological, and by inference, social determinants of vulnerability to medieval famine and plague mortality. However, such previous work did not account for missing data and the potential associated biases. For this study, we apply a novel approach integrating dietary isotope, pathological, and demographic data into multinomial logistic regression analyses of mortality differentials during famine and plague events in medieval London, while controlling for missing data. The results suggest higher risks of famine and plague mortality for males and for individuals previously exposed to stressors, and higher risks of plague (but not famine) mortality for older adults. Further, we find evidence that protein-rich diets were protective against famine and plague mortality. Our findings highlight how various biological and social factors shaped risks of mortality in medieval London, even in the context of major mortality crises, which are often assumed to be indiscriminate in nature.
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spelling doaj-art-db0fa90c3c5c40228c7d3b94c540081f2025-08-20T03:46:08ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-13198-7Selective mortality during famine and plague events in medieval LondonK. Godde0Sharon N. DeWitte1Julia Beaumont2Brittany S. Walter3Rebecca Redfern4Jelena J. Bekvalac5School of HESBS, Moreno Valley CollegeInstitute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado BoulderSchool of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of BradfordDepartment of Defense, Defense POW/MIA Accounting AgencyLondon MuseumLondon MuseumAbstract Crisis mortality events such as disease epidemics and famines have long had major impacts on human health and demography, and clarifying variation in susceptibility to crisis mortality is crucial for enhancing our understanding of the larger-scale phenomena of human adaptation and biological variation. Previous bioarchaeological research using data from human skeletal remains has revealed variable patterns of biological, and by inference, social determinants of vulnerability to medieval famine and plague mortality. However, such previous work did not account for missing data and the potential associated biases. For this study, we apply a novel approach integrating dietary isotope, pathological, and demographic data into multinomial logistic regression analyses of mortality differentials during famine and plague events in medieval London, while controlling for missing data. The results suggest higher risks of famine and plague mortality for males and for individuals previously exposed to stressors, and higher risks of plague (but not famine) mortality for older adults. Further, we find evidence that protein-rich diets were protective against famine and plague mortality. Our findings highlight how various biological and social factors shaped risks of mortality in medieval London, even in the context of major mortality crises, which are often assumed to be indiscriminate in nature.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13198-7DemographyFrailtyImputationStable isotopesCrisis mortality
spellingShingle K. Godde
Sharon N. DeWitte
Julia Beaumont
Brittany S. Walter
Rebecca Redfern
Jelena J. Bekvalac
Selective mortality during famine and plague events in medieval London
Scientific Reports
Demography
Frailty
Imputation
Stable isotopes
Crisis mortality
title Selective mortality during famine and plague events in medieval London
title_full Selective mortality during famine and plague events in medieval London
title_fullStr Selective mortality during famine and plague events in medieval London
title_full_unstemmed Selective mortality during famine and plague events in medieval London
title_short Selective mortality during famine and plague events in medieval London
title_sort selective mortality during famine and plague events in medieval london
topic Demography
Frailty
Imputation
Stable isotopes
Crisis mortality
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13198-7
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