An overview of potential cardioprotective benefits of xanthophylls in atherosclerosis: an evidence-based review
Atherosclerosis, as the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease, is characterized by oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein (ox-LDL) accumulation in the vascular wall, increased inflammation of the large arteries, dysfunction of the endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), wh...
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Tsinghua University Press
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Food Science and Human Wellness |
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| Online Access: | https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250147 |
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| author | Yuting Su Feng Chen Jiehua Chen Mingfu Wang |
| author_facet | Yuting Su Feng Chen Jiehua Chen Mingfu Wang |
| author_sort | Yuting Su |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atherosclerosis, as the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease, is characterized by oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein (ox-LDL) accumulation in the vascular wall, increased inflammation of the large arteries, dysfunction of the endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which may eventually lead to the formation of plaques. Xanthophylls, one of the main groups of carotenoids, have been proposed as preventive agents or adjunct therapies to prevent and slow the progression of atherosclerosis due to their cardioprotective properties. However, the underlying preventive mechanism of action of xanthophylls on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains unclear, and clinical evidence of the effect of xanthophylls on atherosclerosis have not yet been summarized and critically reviewed. In this regard, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in four scientific databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Web of Science) and carefully analyzed the existing evidence to provide meaningful insights on the association between xanthophylls and atherosclerosis from various aspects. Based on the evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies, we explored several potential mechanisms, including antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory effect, regulation of lipid metabolism, and modulation of ECs and VSMCs dysfunction, and we found that a clear picture of regulatory pathways of xanthophylls on atherosclerosis prevention and treatment is still lacking. In addition, epidemiological studies suggested the possible relationship among high dietary intake of xanthophylls, high plasma/serum xanthophylls and a reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Direct evidence from interventional studies investigating the effect of xanthophylls on atherosclerosis is very sparse, whilst indirect clinical evidence was only limited to astaxanthin and lutein. Therefore, well-designed long-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are highly recommended for future studies to investigate the effective dose of different xanthophylls on atherosclerosis prevention and their possible ancillary effect in conjunction with drug therapies on different stages of atherosclerosis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-da998cc7bbb64275a3226d9ca2d8e31b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2097-0765 2213-4530 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Tsinghua University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food Science and Human Wellness |
| spelling | doaj-art-da998cc7bbb64275a3226d9ca2d8e31b2025-01-10T06:56:47ZengTsinghua University PressFood Science and Human Wellness2097-07652213-45302024-07-011341739175510.26599/FSHW.2022.9250147An overview of potential cardioprotective benefits of xanthophylls in atherosclerosis: an evidence-based reviewYuting Su0Feng Chen1Jiehua Chen2Mingfu Wang3Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaAtherosclerosis, as the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease, is characterized by oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein (ox-LDL) accumulation in the vascular wall, increased inflammation of the large arteries, dysfunction of the endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which may eventually lead to the formation of plaques. Xanthophylls, one of the main groups of carotenoids, have been proposed as preventive agents or adjunct therapies to prevent and slow the progression of atherosclerosis due to their cardioprotective properties. However, the underlying preventive mechanism of action of xanthophylls on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains unclear, and clinical evidence of the effect of xanthophylls on atherosclerosis have not yet been summarized and critically reviewed. In this regard, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in four scientific databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Web of Science) and carefully analyzed the existing evidence to provide meaningful insights on the association between xanthophylls and atherosclerosis from various aspects. Based on the evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies, we explored several potential mechanisms, including antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory effect, regulation of lipid metabolism, and modulation of ECs and VSMCs dysfunction, and we found that a clear picture of regulatory pathways of xanthophylls on atherosclerosis prevention and treatment is still lacking. In addition, epidemiological studies suggested the possible relationship among high dietary intake of xanthophylls, high plasma/serum xanthophylls and a reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Direct evidence from interventional studies investigating the effect of xanthophylls on atherosclerosis is very sparse, whilst indirect clinical evidence was only limited to astaxanthin and lutein. Therefore, well-designed long-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are highly recommended for future studies to investigate the effective dose of different xanthophylls on atherosclerosis prevention and their possible ancillary effect in conjunction with drug therapies on different stages of atherosclerosis.https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250147atherosclerosisxanthophyllsantioxidantanti-inflammationlipid metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Yuting Su Feng Chen Jiehua Chen Mingfu Wang An overview of potential cardioprotective benefits of xanthophylls in atherosclerosis: an evidence-based review Food Science and Human Wellness atherosclerosis xanthophylls antioxidant anti-inflammation lipid metabolism |
| title | An overview of potential cardioprotective benefits of xanthophylls in atherosclerosis: an evidence-based review |
| title_full | An overview of potential cardioprotective benefits of xanthophylls in atherosclerosis: an evidence-based review |
| title_fullStr | An overview of potential cardioprotective benefits of xanthophylls in atherosclerosis: an evidence-based review |
| title_full_unstemmed | An overview of potential cardioprotective benefits of xanthophylls in atherosclerosis: an evidence-based review |
| title_short | An overview of potential cardioprotective benefits of xanthophylls in atherosclerosis: an evidence-based review |
| title_sort | overview of potential cardioprotective benefits of xanthophylls in atherosclerosis an evidence based review |
| topic | atherosclerosis xanthophylls antioxidant anti-inflammation lipid metabolism |
| url | https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250147 |
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