Illuminating the shadows: the role of private supplementary tutoring on student math performance in PISA 2022
Abstract Recent decades have witnessed a global expansion of private supplementary tutoring, known as shadow education—additional support in academic subjects that takes place outside of regular school hours. Using the data of 55 countries from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PIS...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Large-scale Assessments in Education |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-024-00228-5 |
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