A passive Lab-on-PCB microsystem for non-enzymatic quantification of glucose

This paper presents and successfully demonstrates a new form of passive Lab-on-printed circuit board (PCB) diagnostic platform for the quantification of glucose, as required for pumpless applications such as wearable diagnostic patches. The platform exploits copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles for non-...

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Main Authors: Pavlos Menelaou, Yujiang Zhu, Anna Regoutz, Despina Moschou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137025000974
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author Pavlos Menelaou
Yujiang Zhu
Anna Regoutz
Despina Moschou
author_facet Pavlos Menelaou
Yujiang Zhu
Anna Regoutz
Despina Moschou
author_sort Pavlos Menelaou
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents and successfully demonstrates a new form of passive Lab-on-printed circuit board (PCB) diagnostic platform for the quantification of glucose, as required for pumpless applications such as wearable diagnostic patches. The platform exploits copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles for non-enzymatic, electrochemical glucose quantification, to achieve the high sensitivity and linear range of operation that is necessary for sweat or interstitial fluid sample analysis. As a result, the platform exhibits a low limit of detection (LoD) of 2.1 μM and a high sensitivity of 456 μA mM−1·cm−2, coupled with an excellent specificity against common glucose interfering species. The seamless integration of passive microfluidics and an electrochemical glucose biosensor is firstly outlined, and is fabricated using standard photolithography techniques in an up-scalable glucose quantification platform. The detection of glucose under two sample flow conditions is investigated in detail, including both static and dynamic conditions, revealing that when subject to a continuous flow the microsystem demonstrates an increase in sensitivity and a reduced linear range. This work demonstrates that our new passive Lab-on-printed circuit board (PCB) diagnostic platform can be successfully implemented under continuous sample flow conditions, and is therefore ideally suited to wearable diagnostic patch applications. In addition, the measured performance exceeds static flow approaches that have reported to date, including paper-based approaches.
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publishDate 2025-10-01
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series Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X
spelling doaj-art-d8cda9be395043b0aa74e87ebe23bbe22025-08-26T04:14:30ZengElsevierBiosensors and Bioelectronics: X2590-13702025-10-012610067010.1016/j.biosx.2025.100670A passive Lab-on-PCB microsystem for non-enzymatic quantification of glucosePavlos Menelaou0Yujiang Zhu1Anna Regoutz2Despina Moschou3Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; Corresponding author.Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, OX1 3QR, United KingdomDepartment of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, OX1 3QR, United KingdomElectronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United KingdomThis paper presents and successfully demonstrates a new form of passive Lab-on-printed circuit board (PCB) diagnostic platform for the quantification of glucose, as required for pumpless applications such as wearable diagnostic patches. The platform exploits copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles for non-enzymatic, electrochemical glucose quantification, to achieve the high sensitivity and linear range of operation that is necessary for sweat or interstitial fluid sample analysis. As a result, the platform exhibits a low limit of detection (LoD) of 2.1 μM and a high sensitivity of 456 μA mM−1·cm−2, coupled with an excellent specificity against common glucose interfering species. The seamless integration of passive microfluidics and an electrochemical glucose biosensor is firstly outlined, and is fabricated using standard photolithography techniques in an up-scalable glucose quantification platform. The detection of glucose under two sample flow conditions is investigated in detail, including both static and dynamic conditions, revealing that when subject to a continuous flow the microsystem demonstrates an increase in sensitivity and a reduced linear range. This work demonstrates that our new passive Lab-on-printed circuit board (PCB) diagnostic platform can be successfully implemented under continuous sample flow conditions, and is therefore ideally suited to wearable diagnostic patch applications. In addition, the measured performance exceeds static flow approaches that have reported to date, including paper-based approaches.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137025000974Copper oxideNon-enzymatic sensingGlucoseLab-on-PCBPassive microfluidicsElectrochemical biosensors
spellingShingle Pavlos Menelaou
Yujiang Zhu
Anna Regoutz
Despina Moschou
A passive Lab-on-PCB microsystem for non-enzymatic quantification of glucose
Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X
Copper oxide
Non-enzymatic sensing
Glucose
Lab-on-PCB
Passive microfluidics
Electrochemical biosensors
title A passive Lab-on-PCB microsystem for non-enzymatic quantification of glucose
title_full A passive Lab-on-PCB microsystem for non-enzymatic quantification of glucose
title_fullStr A passive Lab-on-PCB microsystem for non-enzymatic quantification of glucose
title_full_unstemmed A passive Lab-on-PCB microsystem for non-enzymatic quantification of glucose
title_short A passive Lab-on-PCB microsystem for non-enzymatic quantification of glucose
title_sort passive lab on pcb microsystem for non enzymatic quantification of glucose
topic Copper oxide
Non-enzymatic sensing
Glucose
Lab-on-PCB
Passive microfluidics
Electrochemical biosensors
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137025000974
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