Iatrogenic infection by atypical mycobacteria: a case report of M. phlei infection in an immunocompetent patient simulating breast malignancy

Introduction: Atypical nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) constitute a diverse group of environmental organisms capable of causing infections in immunocompromised patients. Mycobacterium phlei has limited documentation of clinical disease in the literature. Case presentation: We present the case o...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Carlos Salomon Sáenz de-León, Rogelio de Jesus Treviño-Rangel, Ricardo Olvera Calderón, Diego Carrion-Álvarez, Carlos Alberto Calderón Díaz, Hiram Villanueva-Lozano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/21174
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Introduction: Atypical nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) constitute a diverse group of environmental organisms capable of causing infections in immunocompromised patients. Mycobacterium phlei has limited documentation of clinical disease in the literature. Case presentation: We present the case of a 68-year-old immunocompetent female with type II diabetes mellitus and a recent history of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. One month postoperatively, the patient developed localized wound complications followed by the appearance of a growing axillary mass. Imaging studies suggested possible malignancy (BIRADS-4), but histopathological evaluation revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation without malignant cells. Results: the diagnosis was a rare case of lymphadenitis due to M. phlei, confirmed by histology and molecular diagnostics. The patient responded favorably to combination antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: Through this report, we share our experience and expand the understanding of this entity, emphasizing the importance of considering this differential diagnosis and establishing appropriate guidelines for therapeutic decision-making, emphasizing in NTM.
ISSN:1972-2680