Quantifying particulate matter emission rates from naturally ventilated dairy buildings by considering roof opening contributions
Roof openings are typically fitted to naturally ventilated dairy building (NVDB) for better ventilation but their impact on air pollutant emission calculations has not been fully considered. Particulate matter (PM) emission rate (ER) for NVDB rely on the total ventilation rate (VR), outdoor PM conce...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Environment: X |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162124000662 |
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| author | Yujian Lu Xiao Yang Pan Xiao Lei E Chaoyuan Wang Jing Yu Chao Liang Zhiwei Fang Yongzhen Li |
| author_facet | Yujian Lu Xiao Yang Pan Xiao Lei E Chaoyuan Wang Jing Yu Chao Liang Zhiwei Fang Yongzhen Li |
| author_sort | Yujian Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Roof openings are typically fitted to naturally ventilated dairy building (NVDB) for better ventilation but their impact on air pollutant emission calculations has not been fully considered. Particulate matter (PM) emission rate (ER) for NVDB rely on the total ventilation rate (VR), outdoor PM concentration and average indoor PM concentration sampled either under the roof (Roof Sampling) or in the cubicle area (Cubicle Sampling), which may show large deviations due to its spatiotemporal variation of PM concentrations and complex airflow patterns. This study utilised a novel ER calculation method (Joint Sampling) that computes the respective emission from the roof and sidewall openings by matching each outlet's VR and PM concentration. By year-round field measurements of PM2.5 and the total suspended particulates (TSP), results showed that annual average ERs of PM2.5 and TSP were 10.8 mg h−1 cow−1 and 45.7 mg h−1 cow−1 for Roof Sampling, 12.7 mg h−1 cow−1 and 40.7 mg h−1 cow−1 for Cubicle Sampling, and 11.7 mg h−1 cow−1 and 45.9 mg h−1 cow−1 for Joint Sampling. Considering the Joint Sampling results were relatively true, Roof Sampling exhibited a maximum underestimate of PM2.5 emissions of 20.8% when sidewall curtains were fully opened, whilst Cubicle Sampling demonstrated a maximum overestimate of TSP of 10.2% when the aperture was closed. Using Joint Sampling, the roof opening contributed 39.3% and 24.4% of the annual PM2.5 and TSP emissions. When sidewall openings are partially or fully closed, the Joint Sampling calculation is preferable to estimate the ER of PM. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d4391439871b4d76b06f159149f7b54b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1621 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Environment: X |
| spelling | doaj-art-d4391439871b4d76b06f159149f7b54b2024-12-13T11:02:41ZengElsevierAtmospheric Environment: X2590-16212024-12-0124100299Quantifying particulate matter emission rates from naturally ventilated dairy buildings by considering roof opening contributionsYujian Lu0Xiao Yang1Pan Xiao2Lei E3Chaoyuan Wang4Jing Yu5Chao Liang6Zhiwei Fang7Yongzhen Li8Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Corresponding author.Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaTianjin Mengde Group Company Ltd, Tianjin 300403, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, ChinaRoof openings are typically fitted to naturally ventilated dairy building (NVDB) for better ventilation but their impact on air pollutant emission calculations has not been fully considered. Particulate matter (PM) emission rate (ER) for NVDB rely on the total ventilation rate (VR), outdoor PM concentration and average indoor PM concentration sampled either under the roof (Roof Sampling) or in the cubicle area (Cubicle Sampling), which may show large deviations due to its spatiotemporal variation of PM concentrations and complex airflow patterns. This study utilised a novel ER calculation method (Joint Sampling) that computes the respective emission from the roof and sidewall openings by matching each outlet's VR and PM concentration. By year-round field measurements of PM2.5 and the total suspended particulates (TSP), results showed that annual average ERs of PM2.5 and TSP were 10.8 mg h−1 cow−1 and 45.7 mg h−1 cow−1 for Roof Sampling, 12.7 mg h−1 cow−1 and 40.7 mg h−1 cow−1 for Cubicle Sampling, and 11.7 mg h−1 cow−1 and 45.9 mg h−1 cow−1 for Joint Sampling. Considering the Joint Sampling results were relatively true, Roof Sampling exhibited a maximum underestimate of PM2.5 emissions of 20.8% when sidewall curtains were fully opened, whilst Cubicle Sampling demonstrated a maximum overestimate of TSP of 10.2% when the aperture was closed. Using Joint Sampling, the roof opening contributed 39.3% and 24.4% of the annual PM2.5 and TSP emissions. When sidewall openings are partially or fully closed, the Joint Sampling calculation is preferable to estimate the ER of PM.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162124000662Emission rateDairy cowParticulate matterSidewall openingSpatiotemporal variation |
| spellingShingle | Yujian Lu Xiao Yang Pan Xiao Lei E Chaoyuan Wang Jing Yu Chao Liang Zhiwei Fang Yongzhen Li Quantifying particulate matter emission rates from naturally ventilated dairy buildings by considering roof opening contributions Atmospheric Environment: X Emission rate Dairy cow Particulate matter Sidewall opening Spatiotemporal variation |
| title | Quantifying particulate matter emission rates from naturally ventilated dairy buildings by considering roof opening contributions |
| title_full | Quantifying particulate matter emission rates from naturally ventilated dairy buildings by considering roof opening contributions |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying particulate matter emission rates from naturally ventilated dairy buildings by considering roof opening contributions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying particulate matter emission rates from naturally ventilated dairy buildings by considering roof opening contributions |
| title_short | Quantifying particulate matter emission rates from naturally ventilated dairy buildings by considering roof opening contributions |
| title_sort | quantifying particulate matter emission rates from naturally ventilated dairy buildings by considering roof opening contributions |
| topic | Emission rate Dairy cow Particulate matter Sidewall opening Spatiotemporal variation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162124000662 |
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