Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation and Nordic Walking on Arm Swing and Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Parkinson’s Patients: A Quasi-experimental Study
Introduction: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurological illness characterised by impairments in movement, balance, coordination and gait caused by the absence or deficiency of dopamine and it is progressive in nature. The absence or decreased arm swing is a prodromal sign that may lead to gait impa...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| author | Nivruti Khanna Kalidasan Varathan |
| author_facet | Nivruti Khanna Kalidasan Varathan |
| author_sort | Nivruti Khanna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurological illness characterised by impairments in movement, balance, coordination and gait caused by the absence or deficiency of dopamine and it is progressive in nature. The absence or decreased arm swing is a prodromal sign that may lead to gait impairments.
Aim: To assess and analyse the effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) on arm swing and spatiotemporal gait parameters in conjunction with Cura Swing and Nordic Walking (NW).
Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Krupanidhi Group of Institutions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, which recruited 30 subjects based on specific inclusion criteria; the study duration was six months, from June 2022 to December 2022. After obtaining informed consent, participants were randomly divided into two groups, groups A and B, each consisting of 15 subjects, with interventions provided for five days each week over three weeks. The pre- and post-treatment evaluation included a 3D analysis using Kinovea and the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA). Group A, the control group, received 20 minutes of NW along with conventional physiotherapy, whilst group B received 20 minutes of RAS training through Cura Swing, followed by 20 minutes of NW.
Results: After analysing the data using an Independent t-test, the results for Kinovea post forward swing and Kinovea post backward swing for both the right and left sides revealed a substantial difference between the two groups. Additional variables such as Timed Up and Go (TUG), cadence, stride length and FGA indicated significant differences between groups, with p-values of 0.01, 0.03, 0.009 and 0.02, respectively. Based on intergroup comparison analysis using a Paired t-test, there was a significant improvement in both groups independently regarding the measures of Kinovea forward and backward swing for both the right and left arms, TUG, cadence, stride length and FGA.
Conclusion: RAS and NW programmes have shown beneficial effects on arm swing and balance. The lack of research in the literature concerning the therapeutic advantages of NW in conjunction with RAS as a holistic treatment contributes to the uniqueness of this study. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d27c819a252b4d44a9faa7748e724edf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
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| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-d27c819a252b4d44a9faa7748e724edf2025-08-20T03:48:10ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2025-05-01195YC11YC1510.7860/JCDR/2025/70795.21000Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation and Nordic Walking on Arm Swing and Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Parkinson’s Patients: A Quasi-experimental StudyNivruti Khanna0Kalidasan Varathan1Postgraduate Student, Department of Physiotherapy, Krupanidhi College of Physiotherapy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Krupanidhi College of Physiotherapy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.Introduction: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurological illness characterised by impairments in movement, balance, coordination and gait caused by the absence or deficiency of dopamine and it is progressive in nature. The absence or decreased arm swing is a prodromal sign that may lead to gait impairments. Aim: To assess and analyse the effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) on arm swing and spatiotemporal gait parameters in conjunction with Cura Swing and Nordic Walking (NW). Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Krupanidhi Group of Institutions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, which recruited 30 subjects based on specific inclusion criteria; the study duration was six months, from June 2022 to December 2022. After obtaining informed consent, participants were randomly divided into two groups, groups A and B, each consisting of 15 subjects, with interventions provided for five days each week over three weeks. The pre- and post-treatment evaluation included a 3D analysis using Kinovea and the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA). Group A, the control group, received 20 minutes of NW along with conventional physiotherapy, whilst group B received 20 minutes of RAS training through Cura Swing, followed by 20 minutes of NW. Results: After analysing the data using an Independent t-test, the results for Kinovea post forward swing and Kinovea post backward swing for both the right and left sides revealed a substantial difference between the two groups. Additional variables such as Timed Up and Go (TUG), cadence, stride length and FGA indicated significant differences between groups, with p-values of 0.01, 0.03, 0.009 and 0.02, respectively. Based on intergroup comparison analysis using a Paired t-test, there was a significant improvement in both groups independently regarding the measures of Kinovea forward and backward swing for both the right and left arms, TUG, cadence, stride length and FGA. Conclusion: RAS and NW programmes have shown beneficial effects on arm swing and balance. The lack of research in the literature concerning the therapeutic advantages of NW in conjunction with RAS as a holistic treatment contributes to the uniqueness of this study.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/21000/70795_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC(PS_SS)_PF1(AG_SL)_PFA(IS)_PB(AG_IS)_PN(IS).pdfcadence and arm swingcura swingfunctional gait assessmentkinovea |
| spellingShingle | Nivruti Khanna Kalidasan Varathan Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation and Nordic Walking on Arm Swing and Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Parkinson’s Patients: A Quasi-experimental Study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research cadence and arm swing cura swing functional gait assessment kinovea |
| title | Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation and Nordic Walking on Arm Swing and Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Parkinson’s Patients: A Quasi-experimental Study |
| title_full | Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation and Nordic Walking on Arm Swing and Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Parkinson’s Patients: A Quasi-experimental Study |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation and Nordic Walking on Arm Swing and Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Parkinson’s Patients: A Quasi-experimental Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation and Nordic Walking on Arm Swing and Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Parkinson’s Patients: A Quasi-experimental Study |
| title_short | Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation and Nordic Walking on Arm Swing and Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Parkinson’s Patients: A Quasi-experimental Study |
| title_sort | effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation and nordic walking on arm swing and spatiotemporal gait parameters in parkinson s patients a quasi experimental study |
| topic | cadence and arm swing cura swing functional gait assessment kinovea |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/21000/70795_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC(PS_SS)_PF1(AG_SL)_PFA(IS)_PB(AG_IS)_PN(IS).pdf |
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