Pumping and hygiene practices are associated with bacterial load and microbial composition in human milk expressed at home

Pumping and hygiene practices are associated with bacterial load and microbial composition in human milk expressed at home

Abstract Background Human milk (HM) harbors a unique microbiome that contributes to the development of the infant gastrointestinal microbiome and influences long-term health outcomes. While pumping and bottle-feeding HM are increasingly common, doing so may introduce exogenous bacteria, altering thi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sarah M. Reyes, Dainelle L. Allen, Janet E. Williams, Mark A. McGuire, Michelle K. McGuire, Kathleen M. Rasmussen, Anthony G. Hay
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Translational Medicine
Subjects:
Human milk
Microbiome
Breastmilk expression/methods
Gram-negative bacteria
Bacterial counts
Proteobacteria
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06967-5
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06967-5

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