Antioxidant Potential of Xanthohumol in Disease Prevention: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies
Xanthohumol (XN) is a phenolic compound found in the largest amount in the flowers of the hop plant, but also in the leaves and possibly in the stalks, which is successfully added to dietary supplements and cosmetics. XN is known as a potent antioxidant compound, which, according to current research...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Jakub Piekara Dorota Piasecka-Kwiatkowska |
| author_facet | Jakub Piekara Dorota Piasecka-Kwiatkowska |
| author_sort | Jakub Piekara |
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| description | Xanthohumol (XN) is a phenolic compound found in the largest amount in the flowers of the hop plant, but also in the leaves and possibly in the stalks, which is successfully added to dietary supplements and cosmetics. XN is known as a potent antioxidant compound, which, according to current research, has the potential to prevent and inhibit the development of diseases, i.e., cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The review aims to examine the antioxidant role of XN in disease prevention, with an emphasis on the benefits and risks associated with its supplementation. The regulation by XN of the Nrf2/NF-kB/mTOR/AKT (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells/Mammalian target of rapamycin/Protein Kinase B) pathways induce a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, among others the acceleration of autophagy through increased synthesis of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) proteins, inhibition of the synthesis of VEGF (Vascular-endothelial growth factor) responsible for angiogenesis and phosphorylation of HKII (Hexokinase II). It is the key function of XN to ameliorate inflammation and to promote the healing process in organs. However, existing data also indicate that XN may have adverse effects in certain diseases, such as advanced prostate cancer, where it activates the AMPK (activated protein kinase) pathway responsible for restoring cellular energy balance. This potential risk may explain why XN has not been classified as a therapeutic drug so far and proves that further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of XN against selected disease entities at a given stage of the disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cc115b81bc514e2891f11a6e4c3fc24f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-cc115b81bc514e2891f11a6e4c3fc24f2024-12-27T14:06:57ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-12-011312155910.3390/antiox13121559Antioxidant Potential of Xanthohumol in Disease Prevention: Evidence from Human and Animal StudiesJakub Piekara0Dorota Piasecka-Kwiatkowska1Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Mazowiecka 48, 60-623 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Mazowiecka 48, 60-623 Poznan, PolandXanthohumol (XN) is a phenolic compound found in the largest amount in the flowers of the hop plant, but also in the leaves and possibly in the stalks, which is successfully added to dietary supplements and cosmetics. XN is known as a potent antioxidant compound, which, according to current research, has the potential to prevent and inhibit the development of diseases, i.e., cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The review aims to examine the antioxidant role of XN in disease prevention, with an emphasis on the benefits and risks associated with its supplementation. The regulation by XN of the Nrf2/NF-kB/mTOR/AKT (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells/Mammalian target of rapamycin/Protein Kinase B) pathways induce a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, among others the acceleration of autophagy through increased synthesis of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) proteins, inhibition of the synthesis of VEGF (Vascular-endothelial growth factor) responsible for angiogenesis and phosphorylation of HKII (Hexokinase II). It is the key function of XN to ameliorate inflammation and to promote the healing process in organs. However, existing data also indicate that XN may have adverse effects in certain diseases, such as advanced prostate cancer, where it activates the AMPK (activated protein kinase) pathway responsible for restoring cellular energy balance. This potential risk may explain why XN has not been classified as a therapeutic drug so far and proves that further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of XN against selected disease entities at a given stage of the disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1559xanthohumolhopphenolic compounddiseasesupplementation |
| spellingShingle | Jakub Piekara Dorota Piasecka-Kwiatkowska Antioxidant Potential of Xanthohumol in Disease Prevention: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies Antioxidants xanthohumol hop phenolic compound disease supplementation |
| title | Antioxidant Potential of Xanthohumol in Disease Prevention: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies |
| title_full | Antioxidant Potential of Xanthohumol in Disease Prevention: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant Potential of Xanthohumol in Disease Prevention: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant Potential of Xanthohumol in Disease Prevention: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies |
| title_short | Antioxidant Potential of Xanthohumol in Disease Prevention: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies |
| title_sort | antioxidant potential of xanthohumol in disease prevention evidence from human and animal studies |
| topic | xanthohumol hop phenolic compound disease supplementation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1559 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jakubpiekara antioxidantpotentialofxanthohumolindiseasepreventionevidencefromhumanandanimalstudies AT dorotapiaseckakwiatkowska antioxidantpotentialofxanthohumolindiseasepreventionevidencefromhumanandanimalstudies |