Trauma Surgery and War: A Historical Perspective
The aim of this review is to introduce the progress in trauma surgery made during war. In the 16th century, Paré reintroduced ligature of arteries, which had been introduced by Celsus and Galen, instead of cauterization during amputation. Larrey, a surgeon in Napoleon’s military, adapted the “flying...
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Korean Society of Traumatology
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Trauma and Injury |
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| Online Access: | http://jtraumainj.org/upload/pdf/jti-2021-0029.pdf |
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| author | Kun Hwang |
| author_facet | Kun Hwang |
| author_sort | Kun Hwang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this review is to introduce the progress in trauma surgery made during war. In the 16th century, Paré reintroduced ligature of arteries, which had been introduced by Celsus and Galen, instead of cauterization during amputation. Larrey, a surgeon in Napoleon’s military, adapted the “flying artillery” to serve as “flying ambulances” for rapid transport of the wounded. He established rules for the triage of war casualties, treating wounded soldiers according to the seriousness of their injuries and the urgency of medical care. To treat fractures and tuberculosis, Thomas created the “Thomas splint”, which was used to stabilize fractured femurs and prevent infection; in World War I (WWI), use of this splint reduced the mortality of compound femur fractures from 87% to less than 8%. During WWI, Cushing systematized the treatment of head injuries, reducing mortality among head injury patients. Gillies repaired facial injuries, and his experiences became the basis of craniofacial and aesthetic surgery. In WWII, McIndoe discovered that immersion in saline promoted burn healing and improved survival rates, and thus began saline baths and early grafting instead of using tannic acid. A high mortality rate in patients with acute renal failure was noted in WWII and the Korean War. In the Korean War, Teschan used the Kolff-Brigham dialyzer. The first use of medevac with helicopters was the evacuation of three British pilot combat casualties by the US Army in Burma during WWII. As a lotus blooms in the mud, military surgeons have contributed to trauma surgery during wartime. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cc0043f71f304d2cb0e4e08e63f844f3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2799-4317 2287-1683 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Korean Society of Traumatology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Trauma and Injury |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc0043f71f304d2cb0e4e08e63f844f32025-01-16T04:50:50ZengKorean Society of TraumatologyJournal of Trauma and Injury2799-43172287-16832021-12-0134421922410.20408/jti.2021.00291085Trauma Surgery and War: A Historical PerspectiveKun Hwang0 Department of Plastic Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, KoreaThe aim of this review is to introduce the progress in trauma surgery made during war. In the 16th century, Paré reintroduced ligature of arteries, which had been introduced by Celsus and Galen, instead of cauterization during amputation. Larrey, a surgeon in Napoleon’s military, adapted the “flying artillery” to serve as “flying ambulances” for rapid transport of the wounded. He established rules for the triage of war casualties, treating wounded soldiers according to the seriousness of their injuries and the urgency of medical care. To treat fractures and tuberculosis, Thomas created the “Thomas splint”, which was used to stabilize fractured femurs and prevent infection; in World War I (WWI), use of this splint reduced the mortality of compound femur fractures from 87% to less than 8%. During WWI, Cushing systematized the treatment of head injuries, reducing mortality among head injury patients. Gillies repaired facial injuries, and his experiences became the basis of craniofacial and aesthetic surgery. In WWII, McIndoe discovered that immersion in saline promoted burn healing and improved survival rates, and thus began saline baths and early grafting instead of using tannic acid. A high mortality rate in patients with acute renal failure was noted in WWII and the Korean War. In the Korean War, Teschan used the Kolff-Brigham dialyzer. The first use of medevac with helicopters was the evacuation of three British pilot combat casualties by the US Army in Burma during WWII. As a lotus blooms in the mud, military surgeons have contributed to trauma surgery during wartime.http://jtraumainj.org/upload/pdf/jti-2021-0029.pdfarmed conflictswounds and injuriesmilitary medicinehistory of medicine |
| spellingShingle | Kun Hwang Trauma Surgery and War: A Historical Perspective Journal of Trauma and Injury armed conflicts wounds and injuries military medicine history of medicine |
| title | Trauma Surgery and War: A Historical Perspective |
| title_full | Trauma Surgery and War: A Historical Perspective |
| title_fullStr | Trauma Surgery and War: A Historical Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trauma Surgery and War: A Historical Perspective |
| title_short | Trauma Surgery and War: A Historical Perspective |
| title_sort | trauma surgery and war a historical perspective |
| topic | armed conflicts wounds and injuries military medicine history of medicine |
| url | http://jtraumainj.org/upload/pdf/jti-2021-0029.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kunhwang traumasurgeryandwarahistoricalperspective |