Air Pollution and Oral Health: An Overall Insight From Genetic Causality

Background: A growing body of epidemiological data consistently links air pollution to various adverse health outcomes. However, the potential connection between air pollution and the risk of oral diseases remains underexplored. Methods: This study utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization appro...

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Main Authors: Ziyang Zheng, Mingzhang Xu, Yifei Wang, Lan Wang, Yang Zhou, Yunyi Deng, Ke Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:International Dental Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653925000188
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author Ziyang Zheng
Mingzhang Xu
Yifei Wang
Lan Wang
Yang Zhou
Yunyi Deng
Ke Yu
author_facet Ziyang Zheng
Mingzhang Xu
Yifei Wang
Lan Wang
Yang Zhou
Yunyi Deng
Ke Yu
author_sort Ziyang Zheng
collection DOAJ
description Background: A growing body of epidemiological data consistently links air pollution to various adverse health outcomes. However, the potential connection between air pollution and the risk of oral diseases remains underexplored. Methods: This study utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to assess the causal relationship between air pollution and oral diseases. Six categories of air pollution were considered as exposures: nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10), and PM2.5 absorbance. The outcomes included 18 oral health-related diseases drawn from the Finngen R10 dataset, the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints consortium, and the Oncoarray oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer consortium. Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the primary inverse-variance weighted estimates using methods such as weighted median, weighted mode, and MR Egger. Results: The inverse-variance weighted analysis demonstrated a detrimental effect of air pollution on multiple oral health conditions, yielding 5 positive associations including PM2.5 with oral leukoplakia, gingivitis and periodontitis; PM2.5-10 with pulp and periapical diseases, and NO2 with gingivitis and periodontitis, and oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws diseases. Sensitivity tests showed no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy, affirming the robustness of the findings. Conclusion: This study highlights the detrimental impact of air pollution on oral health, emphasizing the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms and interactions. These findings reinforce the importance of implementing environmental interventions to mitigate the associated risks for oral health.
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spelling doaj-art-cad6a8a45c3c4e929818eec56e9a62b82025-08-20T03:49:03ZengElsevierInternational Dental Journal0020-65392025-06-017531979198710.1016/j.identj.2025.01.007Air Pollution and Oral Health: An Overall Insight From Genetic CausalityZiyang Zheng0Mingzhang Xu1Yifei Wang2Lan Wang3Yang Zhou4Yunyi Deng5Ke Yu6Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, China; Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaDepartment of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, China; Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaDepartment of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, China; Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaDepartment of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, China; Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaDepartment of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, China; Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaDepartment of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, China; Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaDepartment of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, China; Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Corresponding author. Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Yunfeng Road, Section 2, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.Background: A growing body of epidemiological data consistently links air pollution to various adverse health outcomes. However, the potential connection between air pollution and the risk of oral diseases remains underexplored. Methods: This study utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to assess the causal relationship between air pollution and oral diseases. Six categories of air pollution were considered as exposures: nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10), and PM2.5 absorbance. The outcomes included 18 oral health-related diseases drawn from the Finngen R10 dataset, the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints consortium, and the Oncoarray oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer consortium. Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the primary inverse-variance weighted estimates using methods such as weighted median, weighted mode, and MR Egger. Results: The inverse-variance weighted analysis demonstrated a detrimental effect of air pollution on multiple oral health conditions, yielding 5 positive associations including PM2.5 with oral leukoplakia, gingivitis and periodontitis; PM2.5-10 with pulp and periapical diseases, and NO2 with gingivitis and periodontitis, and oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws diseases. Sensitivity tests showed no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy, affirming the robustness of the findings. Conclusion: This study highlights the detrimental impact of air pollution on oral health, emphasizing the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms and interactions. These findings reinforce the importance of implementing environmental interventions to mitigate the associated risks for oral health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653925000188Air pollutionParticulate matterMendelian randomizationOral healthPeriodontitisDental caries
spellingShingle Ziyang Zheng
Mingzhang Xu
Yifei Wang
Lan Wang
Yang Zhou
Yunyi Deng
Ke Yu
Air Pollution and Oral Health: An Overall Insight From Genetic Causality
International Dental Journal
Air pollution
Particulate matter
Mendelian randomization
Oral health
Periodontitis
Dental caries
title Air Pollution and Oral Health: An Overall Insight From Genetic Causality
title_full Air Pollution and Oral Health: An Overall Insight From Genetic Causality
title_fullStr Air Pollution and Oral Health: An Overall Insight From Genetic Causality
title_full_unstemmed Air Pollution and Oral Health: An Overall Insight From Genetic Causality
title_short Air Pollution and Oral Health: An Overall Insight From Genetic Causality
title_sort air pollution and oral health an overall insight from genetic causality
topic Air pollution
Particulate matter
Mendelian randomization
Oral health
Periodontitis
Dental caries
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653925000188
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