Assessment of cognitive impairment in Tunisian hypertensive patients

BACKGROUND: The prevention of cognitive impairment is a major public health issue. Several international studies have shown a significant association between arterial hypertension (AH) and cognitive decline, highlighting the role of AH as a risk factor for dementia. Our aim was to evaluate cognitive...

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Main Authors: Syrine Saidane, Ahlem Khannouch, Hakim Lamine, Ihsen Zairi, Khadija Mzoughi, Sondes Kraiem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Via Medica 2025-04-01
Series:Arterial Hypertension
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Online Access:https://journals.viamedica.pl/arterial_hypertension/article/view/100152
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author Syrine Saidane
Ahlem Khannouch
Hakim Lamine
Ihsen Zairi
Khadija Mzoughi
Sondes Kraiem
author_facet Syrine Saidane
Ahlem Khannouch
Hakim Lamine
Ihsen Zairi
Khadija Mzoughi
Sondes Kraiem
author_sort Syrine Saidane
collection DOAJ
description BACKGROUND: The prevention of cognitive impairment is a major public health issue. Several international studies have shown a significant association between arterial hypertension (AH) and cognitive decline, highlighting the role of AH as a risk factor for dementia. Our aim was to evaluate cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive, prospective, multicenter study involving patients over 40 years old with confirmed essential hypertension for more than 3 years. All participants underwent neuropsychological assessment using three tests exploring cognitive function: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Memory and Executive Screening (MES). Then, we divided our population into two groups: a group with cognitive decline defined by an MMSE score < 24 and no cognitive decline. RESULTS: We included 200 patients with a mean age of 65 ± 9 years and a gender ratio of 0.78. Assessment of cognitive performance revealed a cognitive decline in 42.5% of patients (n = 85) by MMSE, 73.5% of cases (n = 147) by MoCA, and 82.5% of cases (n = 165) by MES. The four factors independently predictive of cognitive decline were: age [odds ratio (OR) adjusted: 10.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.38–23.57], p < 0.001), female sex (OR adjusted: 7.81, 95% CI: 3.15–19.29, p < 0.001), sedentary lifestyle (OR adjusted: 2,52, 95% CI: 1.09–5.86, p = 0.031) and poor blood pressure (BP) control (OR adjusted: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.35–5.86, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that cognitive impairment was frequent in hypertensive patients. Screening should be carried out to implement an appropriate therapeutic strategy.
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spelling doaj-art-c851a93257bd4ed8be720e8fbb625e172025-08-21T06:08:33ZengVia MedicaArterial Hypertension2449-61702449-61622025-04-0129Continuous Publishing10.5603/ah.100152Assessment of cognitive impairment in Tunisian hypertensive patientsSyrine Saidane0Ahlem Khannouch1Hakim Lamine2Ihsen Zairi3Khadija Mzoughi4Sondes Kraiem5Cardiology Department, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, Faculty of Medicine de Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, TunisiaCardiology Department, Habib Thameur Hospital, Faculty of Medicine de Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, TunisiaCardiology Department, Habib Thameur Hospital, Faculty of Medicine de Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, TunisiaCardiology Department, Habib Thameur Hospital, Faculty of Medicine de Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, TunisiaCardiology Department, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, Faculty of Medicine de Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, TunisiaCardiology Department, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, Faculty of Medicine de Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, TunisiaBACKGROUND: The prevention of cognitive impairment is a major public health issue. Several international studies have shown a significant association between arterial hypertension (AH) and cognitive decline, highlighting the role of AH as a risk factor for dementia. Our aim was to evaluate cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive, prospective, multicenter study involving patients over 40 years old with confirmed essential hypertension for more than 3 years. All participants underwent neuropsychological assessment using three tests exploring cognitive function: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Memory and Executive Screening (MES). Then, we divided our population into two groups: a group with cognitive decline defined by an MMSE score < 24 and no cognitive decline. RESULTS: We included 200 patients with a mean age of 65 ± 9 years and a gender ratio of 0.78. Assessment of cognitive performance revealed a cognitive decline in 42.5% of patients (n = 85) by MMSE, 73.5% of cases (n = 147) by MoCA, and 82.5% of cases (n = 165) by MES. The four factors independently predictive of cognitive decline were: age [odds ratio (OR) adjusted: 10.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.38–23.57], p < 0.001), female sex (OR adjusted: 7.81, 95% CI: 3.15–19.29, p < 0.001), sedentary lifestyle (OR adjusted: 2,52, 95% CI: 1.09–5.86, p = 0.031) and poor blood pressure (BP) control (OR adjusted: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.35–5.86, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that cognitive impairment was frequent in hypertensive patients. Screening should be carried out to implement an appropriate therapeutic strategy.https://journals.viamedica.pl/arterial_hypertension/article/view/100152hypertensioncognitive impairmentdementiatreatment
spellingShingle Syrine Saidane
Ahlem Khannouch
Hakim Lamine
Ihsen Zairi
Khadija Mzoughi
Sondes Kraiem
Assessment of cognitive impairment in Tunisian hypertensive patients
Arterial Hypertension
hypertension
cognitive impairment
dementia
treatment
title Assessment of cognitive impairment in Tunisian hypertensive patients
title_full Assessment of cognitive impairment in Tunisian hypertensive patients
title_fullStr Assessment of cognitive impairment in Tunisian hypertensive patients
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of cognitive impairment in Tunisian hypertensive patients
title_short Assessment of cognitive impairment in Tunisian hypertensive patients
title_sort assessment of cognitive impairment in tunisian hypertensive patients
topic hypertension
cognitive impairment
dementia
treatment
url https://journals.viamedica.pl/arterial_hypertension/article/view/100152
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AT ihsenzairi assessmentofcognitiveimpairmentintunisianhypertensivepatients
AT khadijamzoughi assessmentofcognitiveimpairmentintunisianhypertensivepatients
AT sondeskraiem assessmentofcognitiveimpairmentintunisianhypertensivepatients