COVID and consumers’ food strategies in Madrid, Spain: Towards a resilient city-region food system approach

Lockdowns, restrictions on people's movements and gatherings, and other COVID-19 containment measures have had economic, social, and environmental effects. The pandemic resulted in major disruption to food systems, highlighting serious weaknesses in the way such systems are currently configured...

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Main Authors: José Luis Cruz, Mario González-Azcárate, Richard J Hewitt, Verónica Hernández-Jiménez, Isabel Bardají
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Heliyon
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024165966
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author José Luis Cruz
Mario González-Azcárate
Richard J Hewitt
Verónica Hernández-Jiménez
Isabel Bardají
author_facet José Luis Cruz
Mario González-Azcárate
Richard J Hewitt
Verónica Hernández-Jiménez
Isabel Bardají
author_sort José Luis Cruz
collection DOAJ
description Lockdowns, restrictions on people's movements and gatherings, and other COVID-19 containment measures have had economic, social, and environmental effects. The pandemic resulted in major disruption to food systems, highlighting serious weaknesses in the way such systems are currently configured. However, the pandemic also created important opportunities to develop transformative actions enabling the creation of more resilient and sustainable food systems. In this paper, we delve more deeply into the strategies developed by consumers, as key stakeholders in the food system, through an in-depth survey and statistical analysis of changes in consumers' habits during the pandemic lockdowns. We adopt a city-region food system (CRFS) approach to explore ways to enhance food system resilience to future crises.Data were collected through a telephone survey of a representative sample (600 consumers), conducted in the region of Madrid in May 2021. First, descriptive analyses allowed different consumer strategies to be identified. Differences in food preferences and behaviour changes between individuals in the sample were analysed by age, gender, income, and level of education using exponential family Principal Component Analysis (EPCA), logistic regression, and Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Lastly, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to classify the consumer strategies into four discrete profiles.The findings show significant differences in consumers' responses according to age, income, and level of education. Additionally, the results highlight increased consumption of local and organic products, and online shopping, as typical strategies employed by consumers to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, alternative food networks were shown to play a key role in enhancing food security. Interestingly, no significant differences were found between urban and rural areas. Our discussion addresses this apparent homogeneity in consumers’ habits from a resilient CRFS approach.
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spelling doaj-art-c75077b65a904c1c89a0d62c6dfe3b8d2024-12-13T10:59:05ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-12-011023e40565COVID and consumers’ food strategies in Madrid, Spain: Towards a resilient city-region food system approachJosé Luis Cruz0Mario González-Azcárate1Richard J Hewitt2Verónica Hernández-Jiménez3Isabel Bardají4Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA). Finca Experimental “El Encín”, Autovía del Noreste A-2 Km 38 2, 28800, Alcaláde Henares, Madrid, Spain; Corresponding author.Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA). Finca Experimental “El Encín”, Autovía del Noreste A-2 Km 38 2, 28800, Alcaláde Henares, Madrid, Spain; Área de Economía, Sociología y Política Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 280240, Madrid, SpainInstituto de Economía, Geografía y Demografía, Spanish National Research Council (IEGD-CSIC), C/ de Albasanz 26-8, 28037, Madrid, SpainÁrea de Economía, Sociología y Política Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 280240, Madrid, Spain; Observatorio para una Cultura del Territorio (OCT), Calle del Duque de Fernán Núñez 2, 1, 28012, Madrid, SpainCentro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. C/ Senda del Rey 13 Campus Sur de prácticas E.T.S. de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de, Biosistemas, 28040, Madrid, SpainLockdowns, restrictions on people's movements and gatherings, and other COVID-19 containment measures have had economic, social, and environmental effects. The pandemic resulted in major disruption to food systems, highlighting serious weaknesses in the way such systems are currently configured. However, the pandemic also created important opportunities to develop transformative actions enabling the creation of more resilient and sustainable food systems. In this paper, we delve more deeply into the strategies developed by consumers, as key stakeholders in the food system, through an in-depth survey and statistical analysis of changes in consumers' habits during the pandemic lockdowns. We adopt a city-region food system (CRFS) approach to explore ways to enhance food system resilience to future crises.Data were collected through a telephone survey of a representative sample (600 consumers), conducted in the region of Madrid in May 2021. First, descriptive analyses allowed different consumer strategies to be identified. Differences in food preferences and behaviour changes between individuals in the sample were analysed by age, gender, income, and level of education using exponential family Principal Component Analysis (EPCA), logistic regression, and Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Lastly, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to classify the consumer strategies into four discrete profiles.The findings show significant differences in consumers' responses according to age, income, and level of education. Additionally, the results highlight increased consumption of local and organic products, and online shopping, as typical strategies employed by consumers to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, alternative food networks were shown to play a key role in enhancing food security. Interestingly, no significant differences were found between urban and rural areas. Our discussion addresses this apparent homogeneity in consumers’ habits from a resilient CRFS approach.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024165966Alternative food networksConsumer profilesShort food supply chainOrganic productsUrban consumptionLocal products
spellingShingle José Luis Cruz
Mario González-Azcárate
Richard J Hewitt
Verónica Hernández-Jiménez
Isabel Bardají
COVID and consumers’ food strategies in Madrid, Spain: Towards a resilient city-region food system approach
Heliyon
Alternative food networks
Consumer profiles
Short food supply chain
Organic products
Urban consumption
Local products
title COVID and consumers’ food strategies in Madrid, Spain: Towards a resilient city-region food system approach
title_full COVID and consumers’ food strategies in Madrid, Spain: Towards a resilient city-region food system approach
title_fullStr COVID and consumers’ food strategies in Madrid, Spain: Towards a resilient city-region food system approach
title_full_unstemmed COVID and consumers’ food strategies in Madrid, Spain: Towards a resilient city-region food system approach
title_short COVID and consumers’ food strategies in Madrid, Spain: Towards a resilient city-region food system approach
title_sort covid and consumers food strategies in madrid spain towards a resilient city region food system approach
topic Alternative food networks
Consumer profiles
Short food supply chain
Organic products
Urban consumption
Local products
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024165966
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