Hybrid Fishnet Metamaterial Based on Liquid Crystal and P-I-N Diodes for Reconfigurable Transmitarrays at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 \,\mathrm{GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula>
This article presents a reconfigurable unit cell for transmitarrays at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 \,\mathrm{GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> based on the fishnet metamaterial structure. The proposed design achieves a phase shift of up to <inl...
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| Format: | Article |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10817118/ |
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| author | Adrian Diepolder Lukas Schmidt Susanne Brandl Philipp Hinz Christian Waldschmidt Christian Damm |
| author_facet | Adrian Diepolder Lukas Schmidt Susanne Brandl Philipp Hinz Christian Waldschmidt Christian Damm |
| author_sort | Adrian Diepolder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article presents a reconfigurable unit cell for transmitarrays at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 \,\mathrm{GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> based on the fishnet metamaterial structure. The proposed design achieves a phase shift of up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$180 \mathrm{^{\circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> between different states and additional tunability in each phase state by switching the electric response using p-i-n diodes and simultaneously tuning the magnetic response by employing liquid crystal. Thus, it offers the potential to overcome the limitations of switchable unit cells with few discrete phase states in terms of achievable antenna gain and side lobe level. With an insertion loss of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.8$</tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.5 \,\mathrm{dB}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in combination with its high phase tunability it exhibits much higher performance than designs using only liquid crystal. A lumped-element model for prediction of the unit cell behavior is proposed, allowing to reduce the number of full-wave simulations during performance analysis. The biasing network for the liquid crystal is designed for integration in an active-matrix configuration, greatly reducing the complexity of the control circuit. To verify the proposed design, a single unit cell prototype is manufactured and measured inside a waveguide simulator, demonstrating good agreement with full-wave simulations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c701f01b561b489093f682958b1f34d6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2692-8388 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| series | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
| spelling | doaj-art-c701f01b561b489093f682958b1f34d62025-01-15T00:04:00ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Microwaves2692-83882025-01-01519610710.1109/JMW.2024.351877210817118Hybrid Fishnet Metamaterial Based on Liquid Crystal and P-I-N Diodes for Reconfigurable Transmitarrays at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 \,\mathrm{GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Adrian Diepolder0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-8935Lukas Schmidt1Susanne Brandl2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5012-0658Philipp Hinz3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-9713Christian Waldschmidt4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-6136Christian Damm5Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, GermanyThis article presents a reconfigurable unit cell for transmitarrays at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 \,\mathrm{GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> based on the fishnet metamaterial structure. The proposed design achieves a phase shift of up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$180 \mathrm{^{\circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> between different states and additional tunability in each phase state by switching the electric response using p-i-n diodes and simultaneously tuning the magnetic response by employing liquid crystal. Thus, it offers the potential to overcome the limitations of switchable unit cells with few discrete phase states in terms of achievable antenna gain and side lobe level. With an insertion loss of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.8$</tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.5 \,\mathrm{dB}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in combination with its high phase tunability it exhibits much higher performance than designs using only liquid crystal. A lumped-element model for prediction of the unit cell behavior is proposed, allowing to reduce the number of full-wave simulations during performance analysis. The biasing network for the liquid crystal is designed for integration in an active-matrix configuration, greatly reducing the complexity of the control circuit. To verify the proposed design, a single unit cell prototype is manufactured and measured inside a waveguide simulator, demonstrating good agreement with full-wave simulations.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10817118/Active transmitarray antennasreconfigurable antennasactive unit celldiscrete lenstunabilitymetamaterials |
| spellingShingle | Adrian Diepolder Lukas Schmidt Susanne Brandl Philipp Hinz Christian Waldschmidt Christian Damm Hybrid Fishnet Metamaterial Based on Liquid Crystal and P-I-N Diodes for Reconfigurable Transmitarrays at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 \,\mathrm{GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> IEEE Journal of Microwaves Active transmitarray antennas reconfigurable antennas active unit cell discrete lens tunability metamaterials |
| title | Hybrid Fishnet Metamaterial Based on Liquid Crystal and P-I-N Diodes for Reconfigurable Transmitarrays at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 \,\mathrm{GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> |
| title_full | Hybrid Fishnet Metamaterial Based on Liquid Crystal and P-I-N Diodes for Reconfigurable Transmitarrays at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 \,\mathrm{GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> |
| title_fullStr | Hybrid Fishnet Metamaterial Based on Liquid Crystal and P-I-N Diodes for Reconfigurable Transmitarrays at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 \,\mathrm{GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hybrid Fishnet Metamaterial Based on Liquid Crystal and P-I-N Diodes for Reconfigurable Transmitarrays at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 \,\mathrm{GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> |
| title_short | Hybrid Fishnet Metamaterial Based on Liquid Crystal and P-I-N Diodes for Reconfigurable Transmitarrays at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 \,\mathrm{GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> |
| title_sort | hybrid fishnet metamaterial based on liquid crystal and p i n diodes for reconfigurable transmitarrays at inline formula tex math notation latex 10 mathrm ghz tex math inline formula |
| topic | Active transmitarray antennas reconfigurable antennas active unit cell discrete lens tunability metamaterials |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10817118/ |
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