Evaluation and Perspective of Analog Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators: A Review
Low-dropout regulators (LDOs) are widely adopted in power management integrated circuits (PMICs) and serve as a bridge between the switching regulators and individual on-chip modules to provide a smooth, regulated output voltage. Compared to digital LDOs (DLDOs), analog LDOs (ALDOs) lead in the adva...
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2022-01-01
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| author | Tan Yee Chyan Harikrishnan Ramiah S. F. Wan Muhamad Hatta Nai Shyan Lai Chee-Cheow Lim Yong Chen Pui-In Mak Rui P. Martins |
| author_facet | Tan Yee Chyan Harikrishnan Ramiah S. F. Wan Muhamad Hatta Nai Shyan Lai Chee-Cheow Lim Yong Chen Pui-In Mak Rui P. Martins |
| author_sort | Tan Yee Chyan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low-dropout regulators (LDOs) are widely adopted in power management integrated circuits (PMICs) and serve as a bridge between the switching regulators and individual on-chip modules to provide a smooth, regulated output voltage. Compared to digital LDOs (DLDOs), analog LDOs (ALDOs) lead in the advantage of low output ripple and large power supply rejection (PSR). However, the preference of achieving high performance in terms of load transient, high PSR, good load and line regulation, while maintaining a low quiescent current and low dropout voltage for high efficiency, remains the key challenge in ALDO design. For operation with a low quiescent current, the bandwidth is reduced due to low transconductance, resulting in the limited gate driving capabilities in terms of charging and discharging the large gate capacitance of the pass or output transistor. In addition, the preference for system-on-chip design in the absence of large off-chip capacitors arises stability issues. In this paper, recent reported state-of-the-art architectures for ALDOs are revisited and reviewed. The performance of these ALDOs is compared and their applications are investigated. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-c60feedcfe944fceb2c66fb0c9b7cea72025-01-09T00:00:48ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362022-01-011011446911448910.1109/ACCESS.2022.32179199931674Evaluation and Perspective of Analog Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators: A ReviewTan Yee Chyan0Harikrishnan Ramiah1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-6525S. F. Wan Muhamad Hatta2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-073XNai Shyan Lai3Chee-Cheow Lim4Yong Chen5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-1324Pui-In Mak6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740Rui P. Martins7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648XDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Green Engineering and Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, MalaysiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSchool of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSchool of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaState-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, ChinaState-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, ChinaState-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, ChinaLow-dropout regulators (LDOs) are widely adopted in power management integrated circuits (PMICs) and serve as a bridge between the switching regulators and individual on-chip modules to provide a smooth, regulated output voltage. Compared to digital LDOs (DLDOs), analog LDOs (ALDOs) lead in the advantage of low output ripple and large power supply rejection (PSR). However, the preference of achieving high performance in terms of load transient, high PSR, good load and line regulation, while maintaining a low quiescent current and low dropout voltage for high efficiency, remains the key challenge in ALDO design. For operation with a low quiescent current, the bandwidth is reduced due to low transconductance, resulting in the limited gate driving capabilities in terms of charging and discharging the large gate capacitance of the pass or output transistor. In addition, the preference for system-on-chip design in the absence of large off-chip capacitors arises stability issues. In this paper, recent reported state-of-the-art architectures for ALDOs are revisited and reviewed. The performance of these ALDOs is compared and their applications are investigated.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9931674/Linear low-dropout regulators (LDOs)power management integrated circuits (PMICs)analog LDOs (ALDO)capacitor-less outputadaptive biasingbulk modulation |
| spellingShingle | Tan Yee Chyan Harikrishnan Ramiah S. F. Wan Muhamad Hatta Nai Shyan Lai Chee-Cheow Lim Yong Chen Pui-In Mak Rui P. Martins Evaluation and Perspective of Analog Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators: A Review IEEE Access Linear low-dropout regulators (LDOs) power management integrated circuits (PMICs) analog LDOs (ALDO) capacitor-less output adaptive biasing bulk modulation |
| title | Evaluation and Perspective of Analog Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators: A Review |
| title_full | Evaluation and Perspective of Analog Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation and Perspective of Analog Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation and Perspective of Analog Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators: A Review |
| title_short | Evaluation and Perspective of Analog Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators: A Review |
| title_sort | evaluation and perspective of analog low dropout voltage regulators a review |
| topic | Linear low-dropout regulators (LDOs) power management integrated circuits (PMICs) analog LDOs (ALDO) capacitor-less output adaptive biasing bulk modulation |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9931674/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tanyeechyan evaluationandperspectiveofanaloglowdropoutvoltageregulatorsareview AT harikrishnanramiah evaluationandperspectiveofanaloglowdropoutvoltageregulatorsareview AT sfwanmuhamadhatta evaluationandperspectiveofanaloglowdropoutvoltageregulatorsareview AT naishyanlai evaluationandperspectiveofanaloglowdropoutvoltageregulatorsareview AT cheecheowlim evaluationandperspectiveofanaloglowdropoutvoltageregulatorsareview AT yongchen evaluationandperspectiveofanaloglowdropoutvoltageregulatorsareview AT puiinmak evaluationandperspectiveofanaloglowdropoutvoltageregulatorsareview AT ruipmartins evaluationandperspectiveofanaloglowdropoutvoltageregulatorsareview |