Taurine Supplementation Alleviates Blood Pressure via Gut–Brain Communication in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Objects: Taurine exhibits protective effects in the context of cardiovascular pathophysiology. A range of evidence suggests that hypertension activates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), elevating the arterial tone and sympathetic activity, while it ind...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Qing Su Xiong-Feng Pan Hong-Bao Li Ling-Xiao Xiong Juan Bai Xiao-Min Wang Xiao-Ying Qu Ning-Rui Zhang Guo-Quan Zou Yang Shen Lu Li Li-Li Huang Huan Zhang Meng-Lu Xu |
| author_facet | Qing Su Xiong-Feng Pan Hong-Bao Li Ling-Xiao Xiong Juan Bai Xiao-Min Wang Xiao-Ying Qu Ning-Rui Zhang Guo-Quan Zou Yang Shen Lu Li Li-Li Huang Huan Zhang Meng-Lu Xu |
| author_sort | Qing Su |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objects: Taurine exhibits protective effects in the context of cardiovascular pathophysiology. A range of evidence suggests that hypertension activates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), elevating the arterial tone and sympathetic activity, while it induces gut–brain axis dysfunction in the context of hypertension. However, the mechanism underlying taurine’s anti-hypertensive effects via the gut–brain axis remains unclear. Method: Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were administered 3% taurine in their drinking water for eight weeks, with their arterial pressure measured weekly. Molecular techniques were employed to investigate taurine’s effects on the hypertensive gut and PVN. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota composition, and untargeted metabolomics was applied to assess the fecal metabolites following taurine supplementation. Results: Taurine supplementation not only reduced the blood pressure, sympathetic activity, and inflammatory and oxidative stress in the PVN but also improved the cardiac pathology and microbiota composition while alleviating gut inflammation in hypertensive rats. The untargeted metabolite analysis indicated that the primary effect of the taurine intervention in SHRs was exerted on tryptophan metabolism. The levels of serum metabolites such as kynurenine, L-tryptophan, serotonin (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were altered in hypertensive rats following taurine treatment. Conclusions: Taurine supplementation restored the microbiota balance, strengthened the mucosal barrier, reduced intestinal inflammation, and stimulated tryptophan metabolism. The metabolites derived from the gut microbiota likely crossed the brain barrier and reached the paraventricular nucleus, thereby reducing the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the PVN via gut–brain communication, leading to decreased sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in the studied hypertensive rats. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-c522b654c69d4f88a320dabb07d228462024-12-27T14:12:35ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-11-011212271110.3390/biomedicines12122711Taurine Supplementation Alleviates Blood Pressure via Gut–Brain Communication in Spontaneously Hypertensive RatsQing Su0Xiong-Feng Pan1Hong-Bao Li2Ling-Xiao Xiong3Juan Bai4Xiao-Min Wang5Xiao-Ying Qu6Ning-Rui Zhang7Guo-Quan Zou8Yang Shen9Lu Li10Li-Li Huang11Huan Zhang12Meng-Lu Xu13Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaPediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha 410007, ChinaDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medical, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medical, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medical, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medical, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710077, ChinaDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University & Xi’an No.3 Hospital, Xi’an 710018, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710077, ChinaObjects: Taurine exhibits protective effects in the context of cardiovascular pathophysiology. A range of evidence suggests that hypertension activates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), elevating the arterial tone and sympathetic activity, while it induces gut–brain axis dysfunction in the context of hypertension. However, the mechanism underlying taurine’s anti-hypertensive effects via the gut–brain axis remains unclear. Method: Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were administered 3% taurine in their drinking water for eight weeks, with their arterial pressure measured weekly. Molecular techniques were employed to investigate taurine’s effects on the hypertensive gut and PVN. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota composition, and untargeted metabolomics was applied to assess the fecal metabolites following taurine supplementation. Results: Taurine supplementation not only reduced the blood pressure, sympathetic activity, and inflammatory and oxidative stress in the PVN but also improved the cardiac pathology and microbiota composition while alleviating gut inflammation in hypertensive rats. The untargeted metabolite analysis indicated that the primary effect of the taurine intervention in SHRs was exerted on tryptophan metabolism. The levels of serum metabolites such as kynurenine, L-tryptophan, serotonin (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were altered in hypertensive rats following taurine treatment. Conclusions: Taurine supplementation restored the microbiota balance, strengthened the mucosal barrier, reduced intestinal inflammation, and stimulated tryptophan metabolism. The metabolites derived from the gut microbiota likely crossed the brain barrier and reached the paraventricular nucleus, thereby reducing the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the PVN via gut–brain communication, leading to decreased sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in the studied hypertensive rats.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2711taurineparaventricular nucleusgut–braintryptophan metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Qing Su Xiong-Feng Pan Hong-Bao Li Ling-Xiao Xiong Juan Bai Xiao-Min Wang Xiao-Ying Qu Ning-Rui Zhang Guo-Quan Zou Yang Shen Lu Li Li-Li Huang Huan Zhang Meng-Lu Xu Taurine Supplementation Alleviates Blood Pressure via Gut–Brain Communication in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Biomedicines taurine paraventricular nucleus gut–brain tryptophan metabolism |
| title | Taurine Supplementation Alleviates Blood Pressure via Gut–Brain Communication in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats |
| title_full | Taurine Supplementation Alleviates Blood Pressure via Gut–Brain Communication in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats |
| title_fullStr | Taurine Supplementation Alleviates Blood Pressure via Gut–Brain Communication in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Taurine Supplementation Alleviates Blood Pressure via Gut–Brain Communication in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats |
| title_short | Taurine Supplementation Alleviates Blood Pressure via Gut–Brain Communication in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats |
| title_sort | taurine supplementation alleviates blood pressure via gut brain communication in spontaneously hypertensive rats |
| topic | taurine paraventricular nucleus gut–brain tryptophan metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2711 |
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