Optimization of concrete with human hair using experimental study and artificial neural network via response surface methodology and ANOVA

Abstract The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has prompted the investigation of non-biodegradable waste, such as human hair (HH), for concrete reinforcement. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of HH fiber on the fresh, physical, and mechanical characteristics of concrete...

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Main Authors: Sadık Alper Yıldızel, Memduh Karalar, Ceyhun Aksoylu, Essam Althaqafi, Alexey N. Beskopylny, Sergey A. Stel’makh, Evgenii M. Shcherban’, Osman Ahmed Umiye, Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12782-1
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author Sadık Alper Yıldızel
Memduh Karalar
Ceyhun Aksoylu
Essam Althaqafi
Alexey N. Beskopylny
Sergey A. Stel’makh
Evgenii M. Shcherban’
Osman Ahmed Umiye
Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç
author_facet Sadık Alper Yıldızel
Memduh Karalar
Ceyhun Aksoylu
Essam Althaqafi
Alexey N. Beskopylny
Sergey A. Stel’makh
Evgenii M. Shcherban’
Osman Ahmed Umiye
Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç
author_sort Sadık Alper Yıldızel
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has prompted the investigation of non-biodegradable waste, such as human hair (HH), for concrete reinforcement. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of HH fiber on the fresh, physical, and mechanical characteristics of concrete. HH was incorporated in varying proportions (1–5% by weight of cement), along with modifications in cement content, to ascertain optimal performance conditions. An extensive experimental program was executed, succeeded by the utilization of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to formulate predictive models for compressive strength (CS), flexural strength (FS), and splitting tensile strength (STS). Furthermore, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were utilized to identify statistically significant factors and optimize the mix design. The findings indicated that the mechanical performance of concrete enhanced with HH inclusion up to 3%, after which a deterioration ensued, presumably due to inadequate dispersion and workability challenges. The ANN models precisely predicted mechanical outcomes, while the RSM-derived models demonstrated strong correlations, with R2 values of 0.9434, 0.9365, and 0.9311 for CS, FS, and STS, respectively. ANOVA confirmed the significance of model inputs with p-values below 0.05. Furthermore, SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses validated the integration of HH into the concrete matrix and substantiated the observed mechanical properties. This study confirms the feasibility of HH as a sustainable fiber in concrete, enhancing critical performance metrics when applied at optimal dosages. The amalgamation of ANN, RSM, and ANOVA offers a thorough methodology for optimizing innovative concrete composites and clarifying the mechanisms underlying performance enhancement.
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spelling doaj-art-c22ddf9fd23b4da5bca82a69b913bee82025-08-20T03:42:31ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112110.1038/s41598-025-12782-1Optimization of concrete with human hair using experimental study and artificial neural network via response surface methodology and ANOVASadık Alper Yıldızel0Memduh Karalar1Ceyhun Aksoylu2Essam Althaqafi3Alexey N. Beskopylny4Sergey A. Stel’makh5Evgenii M. Shcherban’6Osman Ahmed Umiye7Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç8Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering, Konya Technical UniversityCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid UniversityDepartment of Transport Systems, Faculty of Roads and Transport Systems, Don State Technical UniversityDepartment of Unique Buildings and Constructions Engineering, Don State Technical UniversityDepartment of Engineering Geometry and Computer Graphics, Don State Technical UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Zamzam University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan UniversityAbstract The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has prompted the investigation of non-biodegradable waste, such as human hair (HH), for concrete reinforcement. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of HH fiber on the fresh, physical, and mechanical characteristics of concrete. HH was incorporated in varying proportions (1–5% by weight of cement), along with modifications in cement content, to ascertain optimal performance conditions. An extensive experimental program was executed, succeeded by the utilization of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to formulate predictive models for compressive strength (CS), flexural strength (FS), and splitting tensile strength (STS). Furthermore, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were utilized to identify statistically significant factors and optimize the mix design. The findings indicated that the mechanical performance of concrete enhanced with HH inclusion up to 3%, after which a deterioration ensued, presumably due to inadequate dispersion and workability challenges. The ANN models precisely predicted mechanical outcomes, while the RSM-derived models demonstrated strong correlations, with R2 values of 0.9434, 0.9365, and 0.9311 for CS, FS, and STS, respectively. ANOVA confirmed the significance of model inputs with p-values below 0.05. Furthermore, SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses validated the integration of HH into the concrete matrix and substantiated the observed mechanical properties. This study confirms the feasibility of HH as a sustainable fiber in concrete, enhancing critical performance metrics when applied at optimal dosages. The amalgamation of ANN, RSM, and ANOVA offers a thorough methodology for optimizing innovative concrete composites and clarifying the mechanisms underlying performance enhancement.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12782-1Human hairConcreteANOVAResponse surface methodology
spellingShingle Sadık Alper Yıldızel
Memduh Karalar
Ceyhun Aksoylu
Essam Althaqafi
Alexey N. Beskopylny
Sergey A. Stel’makh
Evgenii M. Shcherban’
Osman Ahmed Umiye
Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç
Optimization of concrete with human hair using experimental study and artificial neural network via response surface methodology and ANOVA
Scientific Reports
Human hair
Concrete
ANOVA
Response surface methodology
title Optimization of concrete with human hair using experimental study and artificial neural network via response surface methodology and ANOVA
title_full Optimization of concrete with human hair using experimental study and artificial neural network via response surface methodology and ANOVA
title_fullStr Optimization of concrete with human hair using experimental study and artificial neural network via response surface methodology and ANOVA
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of concrete with human hair using experimental study and artificial neural network via response surface methodology and ANOVA
title_short Optimization of concrete with human hair using experimental study and artificial neural network via response surface methodology and ANOVA
title_sort optimization of concrete with human hair using experimental study and artificial neural network via response surface methodology and anova
topic Human hair
Concrete
ANOVA
Response surface methodology
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12782-1
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