Bearing fault diagnosis for variable operating conditions based on KAN convolution and dual branch fusion attention

Abstract This paper proposes a bearing fault diagnosis method based on Kolmogorov–Arnold Convolutional Network: Adaptive Context-aware Graph Channel Attention with Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (KANConv-ACGCA-SENet). Firstly, a new structure of KANs is applied to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN...

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Main Authors: Qibing Wang, Chuanjie Yin, Kun She, Qinfeng Tong, Guoxiong Lu, Hongbing Zhang, Jiawei Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04620-1
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author Qibing Wang
Chuanjie Yin
Kun She
Qinfeng Tong
Guoxiong Lu
Hongbing Zhang
Jiawei Lu
author_facet Qibing Wang
Chuanjie Yin
Kun She
Qinfeng Tong
Guoxiong Lu
Hongbing Zhang
Jiawei Lu
author_sort Qibing Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This paper proposes a bearing fault diagnosis method based on Kolmogorov–Arnold Convolutional Network: Adaptive Context-aware Graph Channel Attention with Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (KANConv-ACGCA-SENet). Firstly, a new structure of KANs is applied to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for replacing traditional linear convolutional kernels. Secondly, a dual-branch fusion attention module, comprising the ACGCA modules, is proposed for use in learning fault features. This is achieved by capturing feature differences and utilising non-local(NL) operations, thereby enhancing the feature representation ability under different working conditions. Subsequently, context-aware features and non-local aggregation features are combined with the objective of obtaining global features. Finally, the SENet module is introduced with the aim of further enhancing the key information in the global features and improving the robustness of the model. The experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper achieves an average accuracy of 99.63% in a single load scenario and 99.05% in a variable working condition scenario. It exhibits high diagnostic accuracy and a superior capacity for generalization, proves that the KANConv represents a formidable alternative to the existing CNN-based variants for bearing fault diagnosis.
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id doaj-art-c19b3e8b411248ba933da21d941b4578
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-c19b3e8b411248ba933da21d941b45782025-08-20T04:01:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-04620-1Bearing fault diagnosis for variable operating conditions based on KAN convolution and dual branch fusion attentionQibing Wang0Chuanjie Yin1Kun She2Qinfeng Tong3Guoxiong Lu4Hongbing Zhang5Jiawei Lu6College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang UniversityCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang UniversityGuangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and ResearchNingbo Hosting Elevator Co., Ltd.Hitachi Elevator (China) Co., Ltd.XIOLIFT Co., Ltd.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang UniversityAbstract This paper proposes a bearing fault diagnosis method based on Kolmogorov–Arnold Convolutional Network: Adaptive Context-aware Graph Channel Attention with Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (KANConv-ACGCA-SENet). Firstly, a new structure of KANs is applied to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for replacing traditional linear convolutional kernels. Secondly, a dual-branch fusion attention module, comprising the ACGCA modules, is proposed for use in learning fault features. This is achieved by capturing feature differences and utilising non-local(NL) operations, thereby enhancing the feature representation ability under different working conditions. Subsequently, context-aware features and non-local aggregation features are combined with the objective of obtaining global features. Finally, the SENet module is introduced with the aim of further enhancing the key information in the global features and improving the robustness of the model. The experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper achieves an average accuracy of 99.63% in a single load scenario and 99.05% in a variable working condition scenario. It exhibits high diagnostic accuracy and a superior capacity for generalization, proves that the KANConv represents a formidable alternative to the existing CNN-based variants for bearing fault diagnosis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04620-1ACGCAAttention mechanismBearing fault diagnosisConvolutionKolmogorov–Arnold networks (KANs)
spellingShingle Qibing Wang
Chuanjie Yin
Kun She
Qinfeng Tong
Guoxiong Lu
Hongbing Zhang
Jiawei Lu
Bearing fault diagnosis for variable operating conditions based on KAN convolution and dual branch fusion attention
Scientific Reports
ACGCA
Attention mechanism
Bearing fault diagnosis
Convolution
Kolmogorov–Arnold networks (KANs)
title Bearing fault diagnosis for variable operating conditions based on KAN convolution and dual branch fusion attention
title_full Bearing fault diagnosis for variable operating conditions based on KAN convolution and dual branch fusion attention
title_fullStr Bearing fault diagnosis for variable operating conditions based on KAN convolution and dual branch fusion attention
title_full_unstemmed Bearing fault diagnosis for variable operating conditions based on KAN convolution and dual branch fusion attention
title_short Bearing fault diagnosis for variable operating conditions based on KAN convolution and dual branch fusion attention
title_sort bearing fault diagnosis for variable operating conditions based on kan convolution and dual branch fusion attention
topic ACGCA
Attention mechanism
Bearing fault diagnosis
Convolution
Kolmogorov–Arnold networks (KANs)
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04620-1
work_keys_str_mv AT qibingwang bearingfaultdiagnosisforvariableoperatingconditionsbasedonkanconvolutionanddualbranchfusionattention
AT chuanjieyin bearingfaultdiagnosisforvariableoperatingconditionsbasedonkanconvolutionanddualbranchfusionattention
AT kunshe bearingfaultdiagnosisforvariableoperatingconditionsbasedonkanconvolutionanddualbranchfusionattention
AT qinfengtong bearingfaultdiagnosisforvariableoperatingconditionsbasedonkanconvolutionanddualbranchfusionattention
AT guoxionglu bearingfaultdiagnosisforvariableoperatingconditionsbasedonkanconvolutionanddualbranchfusionattention
AT hongbingzhang bearingfaultdiagnosisforvariableoperatingconditionsbasedonkanconvolutionanddualbranchfusionattention
AT jiaweilu bearingfaultdiagnosisforvariableoperatingconditionsbasedonkanconvolutionanddualbranchfusionattention