Enhanced Privacy-Preserving Architecture for Fundus Disease Diagnosis with Federated Learning

In recent years, advances in diagnosing and classifying diseases using machine learning (ML) have grown exponentially. However, due to the many privacy regulations regarding personal data, pooling together data from multiple sources and storing them in a single (centralized) location for traditional...

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Main Authors: Raymond Jiang, Yulia Kumar, Dov Kruger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3004
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author Raymond Jiang
Yulia Kumar
Dov Kruger
author_facet Raymond Jiang
Yulia Kumar
Dov Kruger
author_sort Raymond Jiang
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, advances in diagnosing and classifying diseases using machine learning (ML) have grown exponentially. However, due to the many privacy regulations regarding personal data, pooling together data from multiple sources and storing them in a single (centralized) location for traditional ML model training are often infeasible. Federated learning (FL), a collaborative learning paradigm, can sidestep this major pitfall by creating a global ML model that is trained by aggregating model weights from individual models that are separately trained on their own data silos, therefore avoiding most data privacy concerns. This study addresses the centralized data issue with FL by applying a novel <i>DataWeightedFed</i> architectural approach for effective fundus disease diagnosis from ophthalmic images. It includes a novel method for aggregating model weights by comparing the size of each model’s data and taking a dynamically weighted average of all the model’s weights. Experimental results showed a small average 1.85% loss in accuracy when training using FL compared to centralized ML model systems, a nearly 92% improvement over the conventional 55% accuracy loss. The obtained results demonstrate that this study’s FL architecture can maximize both privacy preservation and accuracy for ML in fundus disease diagnosis and provide a secure, collaborative ML model training solution within the eye healthcare space.
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spelling doaj-art-bf6ffa0c26f34f3ea0a599e7c7dce2ad2025-08-20T03:43:47ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01156300410.3390/app15063004Enhanced Privacy-Preserving Architecture for Fundus Disease Diagnosis with Federated LearningRaymond Jiang0Yulia Kumar1Dov Kruger2Department of Computer Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USADepartment of Computer Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USAIn recent years, advances in diagnosing and classifying diseases using machine learning (ML) have grown exponentially. However, due to the many privacy regulations regarding personal data, pooling together data from multiple sources and storing them in a single (centralized) location for traditional ML model training are often infeasible. Federated learning (FL), a collaborative learning paradigm, can sidestep this major pitfall by creating a global ML model that is trained by aggregating model weights from individual models that are separately trained on their own data silos, therefore avoiding most data privacy concerns. This study addresses the centralized data issue with FL by applying a novel <i>DataWeightedFed</i> architectural approach for effective fundus disease diagnosis from ophthalmic images. It includes a novel method for aggregating model weights by comparing the size of each model’s data and taking a dynamically weighted average of all the model’s weights. Experimental results showed a small average 1.85% loss in accuracy when training using FL compared to centralized ML model systems, a nearly 92% improvement over the conventional 55% accuracy loss. The obtained results demonstrate that this study’s FL architecture can maximize both privacy preservation and accuracy for ML in fundus disease diagnosis and provide a secure, collaborative ML model training solution within the eye healthcare space.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3004federated learningcentralized learningcollaborative machine learningfundus disease diagnosisophthalmology
spellingShingle Raymond Jiang
Yulia Kumar
Dov Kruger
Enhanced Privacy-Preserving Architecture for Fundus Disease Diagnosis with Federated Learning
Applied Sciences
federated learning
centralized learning
collaborative machine learning
fundus disease diagnosis
ophthalmology
title Enhanced Privacy-Preserving Architecture for Fundus Disease Diagnosis with Federated Learning
title_full Enhanced Privacy-Preserving Architecture for Fundus Disease Diagnosis with Federated Learning
title_fullStr Enhanced Privacy-Preserving Architecture for Fundus Disease Diagnosis with Federated Learning
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced Privacy-Preserving Architecture for Fundus Disease Diagnosis with Federated Learning
title_short Enhanced Privacy-Preserving Architecture for Fundus Disease Diagnosis with Federated Learning
title_sort enhanced privacy preserving architecture for fundus disease diagnosis with federated learning
topic federated learning
centralized learning
collaborative machine learning
fundus disease diagnosis
ophthalmology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3004
work_keys_str_mv AT raymondjiang enhancedprivacypreservingarchitectureforfundusdiseasediagnosiswithfederatedlearning
AT yuliakumar enhancedprivacypreservingarchitectureforfundusdiseasediagnosiswithfederatedlearning
AT dovkruger enhancedprivacypreservingarchitectureforfundusdiseasediagnosiswithfederatedlearning