Cardiometabolic index is a novel predictor for osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with MAFLD: a cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION: As a new index of obesity and metabolism, the cardiometabolic index (CMI) has been shown to play an important role in the prediction and diagnosis of metabolic diseases. However, the relationship between CMI and osteoporosis (OP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with metabol...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yangyang Zhang, Jinyang An, Xinsai Li, Lingling Li, Jia Bai, Haihong Lv
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Via Medica 2025-08-01
Series:Endokrynologia Polska
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.viamedica.pl/endokrynologia_polska/article/view/105133
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849230256328671232
author Yangyang Zhang
Jinyang An
Xinsai Li
Lingling Li
Jia Bai
Haihong Lv
author_facet Yangyang Zhang
Jinyang An
Xinsai Li
Lingling Li
Jia Bai
Haihong Lv
author_sort Yangyang Zhang
collection DOAJ
description INTRODUCTION: As a new index of obesity and metabolism, the cardiometabolic index (CMI) has been shown to play an important role in the prediction and diagnosis of metabolic diseases. However, the relationship between CMI and osteoporosis (OP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains unclear. The present study aims to explore the relationship between them and provide new insights for the clinical management of OP in patients with T2DM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 429 T2DM patients with MAFLD were selected. Characteristics of the participants were compared across the quartiles of CMI. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between CMI and BMD. Regression models were utilized to investigate the relationship between CMI and bone mineral density (BMD) as well as OP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of CMI for identifying OP in T2DM patients with MAFLD. RESULTS: The present study found that after adjustment for multivariate analysis, CMI was negatively correlated with lumbar spine (LS) BMD (β = –0.158, p < 0.001), femoral neck (FN) BMD (β = –0.129, p = 0.004), and hip BMD (β = –0.350, p < 0.001) in T2DM patientswith MAFLD. Furthermore, CMI was significantly associated with OP [odds ratio (OR) = 2.297, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.198–4.424, p = 0.012]. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of CMI for predicting OP in T2DM patients with MAFLD was 0.755 (95% CI: 0.676–0.833, p < 0.001), with an optimal threshold of 1.948. The predictive accuracy for OP was higher in female patients (AUC: 0.863, p < 0.001) compared to male patients (AUC: 0.716, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: CMI shows a significant negative correlation with BMD in T2DM patients with MAFLD. It is an independent risk factor for OP in this patient population, offering a new direction for the prevention and screening of OP in individuals with T2DM. Moreover, CMI demonstrated greater diagnostic efficiency in postmenopausal female patients over the age of 50 years compared to male patients of the same age group.
format Article
id doaj-art-be5d4b6f4dfd44b2a066a964b1b34ac9
institution Kabale University
issn 0423-104X
2299-8306
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Via Medica
record_format Article
series Endokrynologia Polska
spelling doaj-art-be5d4b6f4dfd44b2a066a964b1b34ac92025-08-21T06:41:01ZengVia MedicaEndokrynologia Polska0423-104X2299-83062025-08-0176410.5603/ep.105133Cardiometabolic index is a novel predictor for osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with MAFLD: a cross-sectional studyYangyang Zhang0Jinyang An1Xinsai Li2Lingling Li3Jia Bai4Haihong Lv5Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaINTRODUCTION: As a new index of obesity and metabolism, the cardiometabolic index (CMI) has been shown to play an important role in the prediction and diagnosis of metabolic diseases. However, the relationship between CMI and osteoporosis (OP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains unclear. The present study aims to explore the relationship between them and provide new insights for the clinical management of OP in patients with T2DM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 429 T2DM patients with MAFLD were selected. Characteristics of the participants were compared across the quartiles of CMI. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between CMI and BMD. Regression models were utilized to investigate the relationship between CMI and bone mineral density (BMD) as well as OP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of CMI for identifying OP in T2DM patients with MAFLD. RESULTS: The present study found that after adjustment for multivariate analysis, CMI was negatively correlated with lumbar spine (LS) BMD (β = –0.158, p < 0.001), femoral neck (FN) BMD (β = –0.129, p = 0.004), and hip BMD (β = –0.350, p < 0.001) in T2DM patientswith MAFLD. Furthermore, CMI was significantly associated with OP [odds ratio (OR) = 2.297, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.198–4.424, p = 0.012]. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of CMI for predicting OP in T2DM patients with MAFLD was 0.755 (95% CI: 0.676–0.833, p < 0.001), with an optimal threshold of 1.948. The predictive accuracy for OP was higher in female patients (AUC: 0.863, p < 0.001) compared to male patients (AUC: 0.716, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: CMI shows a significant negative correlation with BMD in T2DM patients with MAFLD. It is an independent risk factor for OP in this patient population, offering a new direction for the prevention and screening of OP in individuals with T2DM. Moreover, CMI demonstrated greater diagnostic efficiency in postmenopausal female patients over the age of 50 years compared to male patients of the same age group.https://journals.viamedica.pl/endokrynologia_polska/article/view/105133cardiometabolic indexbone mineral densityosteoporosistype 2 diabetes mellitusmetabolism-associated fatty liver disease
spellingShingle Yangyang Zhang
Jinyang An
Xinsai Li
Lingling Li
Jia Bai
Haihong Lv
Cardiometabolic index is a novel predictor for osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with MAFLD: a cross-sectional study
Endokrynologia Polska
cardiometabolic index
bone mineral density
osteoporosis
type 2 diabetes mellitus
metabolism-associated fatty liver disease
title Cardiometabolic index is a novel predictor for osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with MAFLD: a cross-sectional study
title_full Cardiometabolic index is a novel predictor for osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with MAFLD: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Cardiometabolic index is a novel predictor for osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with MAFLD: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Cardiometabolic index is a novel predictor for osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with MAFLD: a cross-sectional study
title_short Cardiometabolic index is a novel predictor for osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with MAFLD: a cross-sectional study
title_sort cardiometabolic index is a novel predictor for osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with mafld a cross sectional study
topic cardiometabolic index
bone mineral density
osteoporosis
type 2 diabetes mellitus
metabolism-associated fatty liver disease
url https://journals.viamedica.pl/endokrynologia_polska/article/view/105133
work_keys_str_mv AT yangyangzhang cardiometabolicindexisanovelpredictorforosteoporosisintype2diabetesmellituspatientswithmafldacrosssectionalstudy
AT jinyangan cardiometabolicindexisanovelpredictorforosteoporosisintype2diabetesmellituspatientswithmafldacrosssectionalstudy
AT xinsaili cardiometabolicindexisanovelpredictorforosteoporosisintype2diabetesmellituspatientswithmafldacrosssectionalstudy
AT linglingli cardiometabolicindexisanovelpredictorforosteoporosisintype2diabetesmellituspatientswithmafldacrosssectionalstudy
AT jiabai cardiometabolicindexisanovelpredictorforosteoporosisintype2diabetesmellituspatientswithmafldacrosssectionalstudy
AT haihonglv cardiometabolicindexisanovelpredictorforosteoporosisintype2diabetesmellituspatientswithmafldacrosssectionalstudy