The relative effects of input and output based instruction on the development of L2 knowledge and the relationships with individual differences in working memory

Abstract While the relative effects of Processing instruction (PI) and various types of output-based instruction have been widely examined, the types of L2 knowledge generated after receiving instruction are under-researched. Moreover, the relationships between learners’ individual differences and t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yan Liang, Lawrence Jun Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-025-00343-y
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