Ablation mechanisms of bulk Nb4AlC3 ceramics at 1600–2200 °C in nitrogen plasma flame
MAX phase ceramics are promising thermal protection materials due to their excellent anti-oxidation and ablation resistance. This paper systematically investigates the ablation behaviors of Nb4AlC3 ceramics in nitrogen plasma flames at 1600–2200 °C. By analyzing changes in ablation rate, microstruct...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425000298 |
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| author | Ye Yu Hao Zhang Zhen Teng Yiwang Bao Man Jiang Longsheng Chu Qingguo Feng Chunfeng Hu |
| author_facet | Ye Yu Hao Zhang Zhen Teng Yiwang Bao Man Jiang Longsheng Chu Qingguo Feng Chunfeng Hu |
| author_sort | Ye Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | MAX phase ceramics are promising thermal protection materials due to their excellent anti-oxidation and ablation resistance. This paper systematically investigates the ablation behaviors of Nb4AlC3 ceramics in nitrogen plasma flames at 1600–2200 °C. By analyzing changes in ablation rate, microstructure, and elemental composition of the surface and cross-section, the ablation evolution mechanism of Nb4AlC3 ceramics is elucidated. As the ablation temperature increased from 1600 °C to 2200 °C, the linear ablation rate increased from 4.17 to 12.8 μm/s, while the mass ablation rate increased from −4.12 to 22 mg/s. The surface of the ablated Nb4AlC3 underwent decomposition and oxidation reactions, forming oxides (NbO2, Nb2O5, and Al2O3) on the surface. Simultaneously, NbO2 reacted with Al2O3 to form molten AlNbO4, which adhered to the surface and provided protection to the substrate. With increasing ablation temperature, O atoms continuously diffused into the matrix, resulting in a higher O content in the near-subsurface area. These findings indicate that Nb4AlC3 ceramics can withstand plasma flame erosion up to 2200 °C, exhibiting excellent ablation resistance. Therefore, Nb4AlC3 ceramics have significant potential as thermal protection materials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bcf384eed0cd458e842928ba821ff166 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-bcf384eed0cd458e842928ba821ff1662025-01-12T05:25:02ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-03-0135360368Ablation mechanisms of bulk Nb4AlC3 ceramics at 1600–2200 °C in nitrogen plasma flameYe Yu0Hao Zhang1Zhen Teng2Yiwang Bao3Man Jiang4Longsheng Chu5Qingguo Feng6Chunfeng Hu7Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of High Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites, Institute of Carbon Matrix Composites, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of High Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites, Institute of Carbon Matrix Composites, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China; Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu, 610031, China.MAX phase ceramics are promising thermal protection materials due to their excellent anti-oxidation and ablation resistance. This paper systematically investigates the ablation behaviors of Nb4AlC3 ceramics in nitrogen plasma flames at 1600–2200 °C. By analyzing changes in ablation rate, microstructure, and elemental composition of the surface and cross-section, the ablation evolution mechanism of Nb4AlC3 ceramics is elucidated. As the ablation temperature increased from 1600 °C to 2200 °C, the linear ablation rate increased from 4.17 to 12.8 μm/s, while the mass ablation rate increased from −4.12 to 22 mg/s. The surface of the ablated Nb4AlC3 underwent decomposition and oxidation reactions, forming oxides (NbO2, Nb2O5, and Al2O3) on the surface. Simultaneously, NbO2 reacted with Al2O3 to form molten AlNbO4, which adhered to the surface and provided protection to the substrate. With increasing ablation temperature, O atoms continuously diffused into the matrix, resulting in a higher O content in the near-subsurface area. These findings indicate that Nb4AlC3 ceramics can withstand plasma flame erosion up to 2200 °C, exhibiting excellent ablation resistance. Therefore, Nb4AlC3 ceramics have significant potential as thermal protection materials.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425000298MAX phaseNb4AlC3Plasma ablationMicrostructureMechanism |
| spellingShingle | Ye Yu Hao Zhang Zhen Teng Yiwang Bao Man Jiang Longsheng Chu Qingguo Feng Chunfeng Hu Ablation mechanisms of bulk Nb4AlC3 ceramics at 1600–2200 °C in nitrogen plasma flame Journal of Materials Research and Technology MAX phase Nb4AlC3 Plasma ablation Microstructure Mechanism |
| title | Ablation mechanisms of bulk Nb4AlC3 ceramics at 1600–2200 °C in nitrogen plasma flame |
| title_full | Ablation mechanisms of bulk Nb4AlC3 ceramics at 1600–2200 °C in nitrogen plasma flame |
| title_fullStr | Ablation mechanisms of bulk Nb4AlC3 ceramics at 1600–2200 °C in nitrogen plasma flame |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ablation mechanisms of bulk Nb4AlC3 ceramics at 1600–2200 °C in nitrogen plasma flame |
| title_short | Ablation mechanisms of bulk Nb4AlC3 ceramics at 1600–2200 °C in nitrogen plasma flame |
| title_sort | ablation mechanisms of bulk nb4alc3 ceramics at 1600 2200 °c in nitrogen plasma flame |
| topic | MAX phase Nb4AlC3 Plasma ablation Microstructure Mechanism |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425000298 |
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