Heterogeneity of the liver cancer tumor microenvironment: mitochondrial metabolism and causal inference through Mendelian randomization

Abstract Background This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through an innovative application of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, integrated with immune cell profiling and metabolomic assessment. Methods Utilizing two-sa...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiaping Liu, Zhang Jing, Jian Chen, Linhong Su, Jun Lin, Xiaoqu Zhu, Xiaodan Ye
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02535-x
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