Clinical patterns and predictors of trauma-related mortality over 13 years: a retrospective analysis from a Level 1 National trauma center

Abstract Background Qatar is one of six neighboring countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council region that form a political and economic alliance to foster multilateral cooperation. Given the shared challenges in trauma care, there is a need for a collaborative network to develop region-specific inju...

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Main Authors: Ayman El-Menyar, Sandro Rizoli, Ahammed Mekkodathil, Mohammad Asim, Sajid Atique, Abdel-Aziz Hammo, Hisham Jogol, Ahad Kanbar, Khalid Ahmed, Rafael Consunji, Husham Abdelrahman, Asmaa Al-Atey, Ahmad Kloub, Fernando Spencer Netto, Gustav Strandvik, Hassan Al-Thani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:World Journal of Emergency Surgery
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-025-00633-3
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author Ayman El-Menyar
Sandro Rizoli
Ahammed Mekkodathil
Mohammad Asim
Sajid Atique
Abdel-Aziz Hammo
Hisham Jogol
Ahad Kanbar
Khalid Ahmed
Rafael Consunji
Husham Abdelrahman
Asmaa Al-Atey
Ahmad Kloub
Fernando Spencer Netto
Gustav Strandvik
Hassan Al-Thani
author_facet Ayman El-Menyar
Sandro Rizoli
Ahammed Mekkodathil
Mohammad Asim
Sajid Atique
Abdel-Aziz Hammo
Hisham Jogol
Ahad Kanbar
Khalid Ahmed
Rafael Consunji
Husham Abdelrahman
Asmaa Al-Atey
Ahmad Kloub
Fernando Spencer Netto
Gustav Strandvik
Hassan Al-Thani
author_sort Ayman El-Menyar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Qatar is one of six neighboring countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council region that form a political and economic alliance to foster multilateral cooperation. Given the shared challenges in trauma care, there is a need for a collaborative network to develop region-specific injury prevention strategies. For example, this study examines the clinical patterns and predictors of hospital mortality among trauma patients in Qatar. Methods A retrospective analysis of trauma-related deaths (2010–2023) was conducted. Patients were stratified into early hospital mortality (EHM, ≤ 48 h) and late hospital mortality (LHM, > 48 h) groups. Further analyses examined in-hospital mortality (24 h, 24–48 h, 3–7 days, and > 7 days), age groups, injury mechanisms, and severity. A multivariable regression analysis identified predictors of early mortality. Results Among 2,452 trauma-related deaths, 59% occurred in pre-hospital, while 41% occurred in-hospital. Compared to LHM (47%), EHM (53%) was associated with a younger age (35 vs. 39 years; p = 0.002), higher systolic blood pressure (0.82 vs. 0.67; p = 0.002), and diastolic blood pressure (2.03 vs. 1.75; p = 0.001). Motor vehicle crash (MVC) was the leading cause of death (35.3%), with vulnerable road users (VRU) the commonest in EHM (p = 0.004) and falls in LHM (p = 0.004). LHM was associated with a higher injury severity score (p = 0.001). On-admission systolic shock index independently predicted EHM (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.09–4.52), while head (OR 7.14; 95% CI 2.44–20.00) and pelvic injuries (OR 3.70; 95% CI 1.19–11.11) and sepsis (OR 6.25; 95% CI 1.22–33.33) predicted LHM. In-hospital deaths exhibited a bimodal distribution, with peaks at 24 h (15%) and between the third and seventh days (10%). EHM showed an upward trend over the years (R² = 0.312), while LHM remained stable. Trauma-related mortality rates declined from 10.4 to 5.0 per 100,000 population (2011 and 2017) before rising to 9.7 by 2022. Pre-hospital deaths followed a similar pattern to the overall mortality, while the in-hospital rates remained steady. VRU-related injuries persisted at a high level, accounting for 26–43% of cases throughout the study period. Conclusion This study highlights distinct trauma-related mortality patterns, with EHM linked to hemorrhage and shock, while LHM is associated with severe head injuries and sepsis. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to optimize bleeding control and address predictors such as shock indices for EHM and head injuries for LHM.
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spelling doaj-art-b5dfc20c0cfa4bdd9f07f96a0d7f32462025-08-20T03:45:27ZengBMCWorld Journal of Emergency Surgery1749-79222025-07-0120111210.1186/s13017-025-00633-3Clinical patterns and predictors of trauma-related mortality over 13 years: a retrospective analysis from a Level 1 National trauma centerAyman El-Menyar0Sandro Rizoli1Ahammed Mekkodathil2Mohammad Asim3Sajid Atique4Abdel-Aziz Hammo5Hisham Jogol6Ahad Kanbar7Khalid Ahmed8Rafael Consunji9Husham Abdelrahman10Asmaa Al-Atey11Ahmad Kloub12Fernando Spencer Netto13Gustav Strandvik14Hassan Al-Thani15Clinical Research, Trauma & Vascular Surgery, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationClinical Research, Trauma & Vascular Surgery, Hamad Medical CorporationClinical Research, Trauma & Vascular Surgery, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationTrauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical CorporationAbstract Background Qatar is one of six neighboring countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council region that form a political and economic alliance to foster multilateral cooperation. Given the shared challenges in trauma care, there is a need for a collaborative network to develop region-specific injury prevention strategies. For example, this study examines the clinical patterns and predictors of hospital mortality among trauma patients in Qatar. Methods A retrospective analysis of trauma-related deaths (2010–2023) was conducted. Patients were stratified into early hospital mortality (EHM, ≤ 48 h) and late hospital mortality (LHM, > 48 h) groups. Further analyses examined in-hospital mortality (24 h, 24–48 h, 3–7 days, and > 7 days), age groups, injury mechanisms, and severity. A multivariable regression analysis identified predictors of early mortality. Results Among 2,452 trauma-related deaths, 59% occurred in pre-hospital, while 41% occurred in-hospital. Compared to LHM (47%), EHM (53%) was associated with a younger age (35 vs. 39 years; p = 0.002), higher systolic blood pressure (0.82 vs. 0.67; p = 0.002), and diastolic blood pressure (2.03 vs. 1.75; p = 0.001). Motor vehicle crash (MVC) was the leading cause of death (35.3%), with vulnerable road users (VRU) the commonest in EHM (p = 0.004) and falls in LHM (p = 0.004). LHM was associated with a higher injury severity score (p = 0.001). On-admission systolic shock index independently predicted EHM (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.09–4.52), while head (OR 7.14; 95% CI 2.44–20.00) and pelvic injuries (OR 3.70; 95% CI 1.19–11.11) and sepsis (OR 6.25; 95% CI 1.22–33.33) predicted LHM. In-hospital deaths exhibited a bimodal distribution, with peaks at 24 h (15%) and between the third and seventh days (10%). EHM showed an upward trend over the years (R² = 0.312), while LHM remained stable. Trauma-related mortality rates declined from 10.4 to 5.0 per 100,000 population (2011 and 2017) before rising to 9.7 by 2022. Pre-hospital deaths followed a similar pattern to the overall mortality, while the in-hospital rates remained steady. VRU-related injuries persisted at a high level, accounting for 26–43% of cases throughout the study period. Conclusion This study highlights distinct trauma-related mortality patterns, with EHM linked to hemorrhage and shock, while LHM is associated with severe head injuries and sepsis. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to optimize bleeding control and address predictors such as shock indices for EHM and head injuries for LHM.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-025-00633-3TraumaMortalityEarly deathPre-hospitalIn-hospitalInjury predictors
spellingShingle Ayman El-Menyar
Sandro Rizoli
Ahammed Mekkodathil
Mohammad Asim
Sajid Atique
Abdel-Aziz Hammo
Hisham Jogol
Ahad Kanbar
Khalid Ahmed
Rafael Consunji
Husham Abdelrahman
Asmaa Al-Atey
Ahmad Kloub
Fernando Spencer Netto
Gustav Strandvik
Hassan Al-Thani
Clinical patterns and predictors of trauma-related mortality over 13 years: a retrospective analysis from a Level 1 National trauma center
World Journal of Emergency Surgery
Trauma
Mortality
Early death
Pre-hospital
In-hospital
Injury predictors
title Clinical patterns and predictors of trauma-related mortality over 13 years: a retrospective analysis from a Level 1 National trauma center
title_full Clinical patterns and predictors of trauma-related mortality over 13 years: a retrospective analysis from a Level 1 National trauma center
title_fullStr Clinical patterns and predictors of trauma-related mortality over 13 years: a retrospective analysis from a Level 1 National trauma center
title_full_unstemmed Clinical patterns and predictors of trauma-related mortality over 13 years: a retrospective analysis from a Level 1 National trauma center
title_short Clinical patterns and predictors of trauma-related mortality over 13 years: a retrospective analysis from a Level 1 National trauma center
title_sort clinical patterns and predictors of trauma related mortality over 13 years a retrospective analysis from a level 1 national trauma center
topic Trauma
Mortality
Early death
Pre-hospital
In-hospital
Injury predictors
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-025-00633-3
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