Impact of Timing of Beta-Lactam Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Therapy Adjustment in Critically Ill Patients

<b>Purpose:</b> To assess the impact of beta-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) timing and therapy adjustment on clinical cure and 30-day mortality. <b>Methods:</b> This was a prospective study of critically ill patients admitted to the University of Florida Health Shan...

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Main Authors: Mohammad H. Alshaer, Nicole F. Maranchick, Kelly L. Maguigan, Bethany R. Shoulders, Mays J. Mousa, Melissa Murray, Jennifer Ashton, Kaitlin Alexander, Barbara A. Santevecchi, Kathryn DeSear, Veena Venugopalan, Kartikeya Cherabuddi, Charles A. Peloquin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/463
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Summary:<b>Purpose:</b> To assess the impact of beta-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) timing and therapy adjustment on clinical cure and 30-day mortality. <b>Methods:</b> This was a prospective study of critically ill patients admitted to the University of Florida Health Shands Hospital intensive care unit (ICU) between 2021 and 2022, ≥18 years old, and requiring beta-lactam therapy for a suspected or confirmed infection. Beta-lactam concentrations were measured per standard of care, pharmacokinetic/dynamic (PK/PD) target attainment was calculated, and therapy was adjusted if needed. Multiple regression and time-to-event (TTE) analyses were performed. <b>Results:</b> A total of 297 infection episodes from 268 patients were included. The mean (SD) age was 56 years (17), weight was 82 kg (32), and 14% received renal replacement therapy. The most common infection source was the lung, and the most common beta-lactam was cefepime. The most common infusion duration was 30 min. The median (IQR) time to first TDM was 2.7 days (1.7–4.7). Fifty-seven percent of patients required therapy adjustment. Increases in beta-lactam dose, frequency, or infusion duration were associated with lower 30-day mortality compared to continuing the same regimen (aOR 0.30, <i>p</i> = 0.015). Delay in performing TDM was associated with lower probability of clinical cure (aOR 0.92, <i>p</i> = 0.0023). Patients who had the regimen increased had shorter hospital stay compared to those who had it decreased. Timing of beta-lactam TDM in ICU patients was a significant predictor of clinical cure, while adjusting beta-lactam therapy to achieve higher exposure was a significant predictor of 30-day mortality.
ISSN:2079-6382